nature of war and revolution under the tsars, PG and communists Flashcards
effect of war on politics
Crimean War 1865 – Zemstva.
WW1 – led to discontent and subsequent collapse in Tsarism, it was in a good state in 1913 before this. Fall of the PG, collapse is largely to the failure of dealing with WW1 and support for them has ebbed away because of this. End of a particular system, and is replaced with something completely new. Repression: ending the tsarist repression and the Pg has no police.
Civil War – established Bolsheviks as the leading group leads to Lenin leading a dictatorship i.e., one party state truly created. Repression: leads to increased use of the Chekha and the normalisation of the use of terror and police control.
Cold War – mishandling of the CMC leads to K’s downfall.
WWII – strengthens the cult of personality.
impact of war on agriculture
Crimean War 1865 – emancipation.
Civil war – peasants seizing land and grain requisitioning then famine in 1921.
WW2 –Significant damage in the western part of the empire.
WW1 – Soldiers return and seize the land.
Collectivisation
Virgin lands
Destruction of collective farms, labour shortages, and famine in 1947.
impact of war on industry
WW2 – Five Year Plans rapid industrialisation in some degree motivated by the need to prep for war.
Cold War – nuclear technology, and space race is shaping the industrial economy.
Stolypin’s reforms – build up Russia’s power as a nuclear force.
Free labour force due to the emancipation.
War communism
WWII – Destruction of industry, relocation of factories, challenge of reconstruction.
impact of revolution on politics
1905 revolution – creation of the Duma, allows people rights like unions, Oct Manifesto.
February revolution – promise of western style democracy.
October revolution – introduction of the Bolsheviks, closure of the constituent assembly, before the start of the Civil War. Lenin consolidates power over the constituent assembly, introducing another different system of government.
impact of revolution on agriculture
1905 revolution – Stolypin agricultural reforms come out of the shock of this revolution.
Oct Revolution – decree on land, big change in land ownership which is given to the peasants. Land seizures.
impact of revolution on industry
Oct Rev. – immediately after this revolution the workers take over their factories.
State capitalism and War Communism.
general assessments of the theme
War is more likely to bring about change in the tsarist era than the communist, and makes them weaker and more vulnerable to change, whereas under the communists wars strengthen dictatorship and the communist system.
Even when the individual doesn’t change, the ideology of the ruling party may change.
effect of war on representative institutions under the tsars
Introduction of the Zemstva as a result of the Crimean War
Russo Japanese: Duma after the 1905 revolution and other parties are allowed to be there.
WW1: destruction of the Duma system is caused by the Bolsheviks and introduced the constituent assembly.
