Nature of Social Inclusion & Exclusion

Question 1

The pluralist nature of societies and cultures

Answer 1

Beyond multiculturalism: The acknowledgement and tolerance of different cultures existing in a single society.
understanding, appreciation and celebration of the (diversity of) different cultures existing in a single society

Question 2

An overview of similarities and differences between individuals and groups in societies and cultures

Answer 2

Similarities
Cultural universals
-the representation of culture in symbols and artefacts
-a set of values and ethics
-levels of organisation and hierarchy
-language and other forms of communication
-belief systems
Some societies and cultures have strong similarities in social structures.
Differences
differences can also be created when meaning and emphasis are placed on certain things over other, by certain groups, resulting in:
-different symbols of culture (flag, food, clothing, shelters)
-different values, ethical codes and moral conduct (polygamy, adultery)
-different levels of organisation and hierarchy (theocracy, anarchy, monarchy)
-different norms, laws and governance (martial law, communism, democracy
-different forms of communication (verbal, non-verbal)
-different levels of application of the 30 basic human rights around the world

Question 3

The concept of socially valued resources

Answer 3

SVRs are resources that enable full and equal participation in society. Equal opportunities to access facilities and resources such as housing, education, the justice system, employment, healthcare and technologies are both expected and enjoyed by most members of society. Social exclusion occurs where there is limited access to the SVRs, even though most of them are enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.