Nature of Reality Flashcards
What was the time of ancient materialism, immaterialism, and pseudoscience called?
Pre-socratics
Proponents of materialism?
Thales
Anaximenes
Heraclitus
Empedocles
Anaximander
Democritus
Everything was water
Thales
Everything is air
Anaximenes
Believed that everything was fire and change
Heraclitus
Believed that everything was made of the 4 elements (water, air, fire, and earth)
Empedocles
Believed that everything was made of Apeiron
Anaximander
Believed that everything was made up of atoms and empty space and everything else was just opinion
Democritus
Proponents of Immaterialism
Pythagoras
Parmenides
Zeno
Heraclitus
Believed that the world was made up of numbers
Pythagoras
Believed that we can only speak and think of things that exist
Parmenides
World of forms is the world of ( )
ideas
Believed that there was no such thing as change and motion
Parmenides and Zeno
Believed that everything changes but change itself
Heraclitus
The term Plato used for the world we experience
Sensible world
The intelligible world can be understood conceptually but is not ( )
perceptible
Matter as ( )
Less reality
Form as ( )
Ultimate reality
Who proposed that becoming is being
Aristotle
According to Aristotle, both of these are reality
matter and form
Proponents of Idealism
Berkeley
Kant
Schopenhauer
Hegel
Theory that states that:
- there is an accessible and inaccessible world
- the world is rational (imposed by reason)
Transcendental Idealism
Proposed that to be is to be perceived
Berkeley
The theory that states that:
- to be is to be perceived
- there is no matter, only perceivers of ideas and ideas
- God as the ultimate perceiver
- Reality as perception
Subjective Idealism
Proposed that there was an accessible and inaccessible world
Kant
The terms Kant used for the accessible and inaccessible world
Phenomenal (accessible) and Noumenal (Inaccessible)
Proposed that reality is imposed by will and was irrational
Schopenhauer
Theory that states that reality is imposed by will and was irrational
Irrationalism
Proposed that the world is the mind and spirit and could only be known through the spirit of the times
Hegel
Theory that states that:
- the world is the mind and spirit
- the world can be known through the spirit of the times
- reality as something that progresses for the greater good
Absolute Idealism
Term for reality as progress
Teleology
