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Metalliferous Ore Deposit > Nature of Ore-Bearing Fluids > Flashcards

Nature of Ore-Bearing Fluids Flashcards

1
Q

Ore-bearing fluids

A

Magma/Magmatic Fluids

Hydrothermal Fluids

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2
Q

is a high temperature rock melt of liquid and crystals

A

Magma

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3
Q

oxide or sulfide dominated magma that solidify directly as ore

A

Ore magma

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4
Q

a process where a partly crystallized magma is subjected to stress, the fluid fraction is squeezed off from the residual crystalline mush

A

Filter pressing

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5
Q

coexistence between two liquids and their separation from each other

A

liquid immiscibility

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6
Q

high temperature

A

100C - 800C

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7
Q

Hydrothermal Flow Mechanisms

A

Fluids released due to magma cooling

Density differences induced by intrusion

compaction of sediments

osmotic pumping

salinity differences

hydraulic pressure difference

metamorphic recrystallization of hydrous phases

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8
Q

fractionated fluids and volatiles that travel upward from the magma

A

magmatic/juvenile waters

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9
Q

Chalcophile elements

A

Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, Au, As, S

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10
Q

Large Ion Lithophile

A

Li, be, B, Rb, Cs

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11
Q

Alkalies, AEE, Volatiles

A

Na, K, Cl, Ca, CO2, H2O

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12
Q

Deacrase viscosity of magmas, lower freezing points of minerals, make possible devolpment of minerals/complexes that would not form in a dry melt

A

Fluxes

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13
Q

Elements that do not fit in feldspars and mafic silicate

A

LILEs

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14
Q

any water that passed through and equilibrated with the atmosphere

A

Meteoric Water

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15
Q

a medium of dispersion of dissolved ions, molecules, and suspended particles

A

Seawater

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16
Q

Effects of Hydrothermal Fluid Density

A

Solubility of volatiles and non-volatiles solutes in supercritical water varies inversely with density

chloride complexes dissociate as hydrothermal fluid density decrease

17
Q

water trapped in sediments at the time they were deposited

rich in Na and Cl

A

Connate Water

18
Q

connate and meteoric water subjected to heat and pressure from magmatic intrusion

A

Metamorphic Waters

19
Q

can be derived from the breakdown of hydrous minerals

A

Metamorphic Waters

20
Q

products of hydrothermal fluid flow

A

Veins

Breccia

Hydrothermal Alteration

21
Q

tabular veins of minerals that precipitated from hydrothermal fluids

A

veins

22
Q

mineral growth in fluid-filled space

A

Distant Veins

23
Q

planar body of hydrothermally altered rock adjacent to a fracture or a channelway

A

Replacement Veins

24
Q

fluid is flowing through a rock

A

Open System

25
Q

result of rock fragmentation in a pressure gradient

A

Brecciation

26
Q

Causes of Fragmentation

A

Tectonic
Gravity collapse in open of fluid-filled space
explosive release of pressurized fluid

27
Q

veins form due to local redistribution of fluids and solutes in a rock

A

Closed System

28
Q

a chemical replacement of minerals where a fluid delivers the chemical reactants and removes the aqueous reaction products

A

hydrothermal Alteration

29
Q

Commong Alteration Rxn

8

A 
Hydrolysis
Hydration
Alkali or Alkali-Earth Metasomatism
Decarbonation
Silication
Silicification
Redox
Sulfidation
30
Q

Alteration Type

qtz, ms, tpz with common accessories of tur, fl, rt, cst, wolframite

A

Greisen

31
Q

Alteration Type

bt, kfelds plus one ore more of the ff: ser, chl, qtz

A

Potassic

32
Q

Alteration Type

ab, chl, ep, zeo, sme at low temp

A

Propylitic

33
Q

Alteration Type

qtz, ser, py, chl

A

Sericitic

34
Q

Alteration Type

qtz plus one or more of the ff; kln, dck, prl commonly ser, py, alu, tur, zunyite, tpz, dsp

A

Advanced Argilic

35
Q

Alteration Type

sme, kln, crs

A

Argilic

36
Q

Alteration Type

qtz, crs, trd, rt or ant

A

Silicic & Residual Silica

37
Q

Alteration Type

cal, dol, ank, sd

A

Carbonate

38
Q

Alteration Type

Ca and Mg silicates

A

Skarn

Metalliferous Ore Deposit (5 decks)

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