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Metalliferous Ore Deposit > Controls on Ore Deposition > Flashcards

Controls on Ore Deposition Flashcards

1
Q

Controls on Ore Deposition

A

Chemical

Lithologic

Stratigraphic

Structural

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2
Q

Chemical Controls

A

temp change

pressure change

reaction between solution and wallrocks

chem changes due to solution mixing

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3
Q

Temperature Change (Cooling)

will

A

affect mineral solubilities

affect stabilities of aqueous metal bearing complex ions

influence io-pairing hydrolysis constants of ions

affect oxygen fugacity

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4
Q

loss of volatiles disabling metal transport

A

Boiling

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5
Q

change in pressure regime from lithostatic to hydrostatic across an obstruction

A

Throttling

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6
Q

loss of H+ and H2O, increase Na+ and Ca+2

A

hydrolysis and hydration

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7
Q

loss of volatiles disabling metal transport without change in temperature

A

Retrograde

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8
Q

can cause precipitation by causing dissociation of some metal complexes and recombination

A

Dilution

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9
Q

T & P drop will result in precipitation from aqueous solution

A

Solubility

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10
Q

separation of one mineral from another in a natural solution

A

Exsolution

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11
Q

certain microbes are agents of mineral precipitation

A

Bacterial Precipitation

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12
Q

simultaneous capillary solution and deposition by which new minerals are substituted for earlier minerals or rocks

A

Replacement

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13
Q

loss and gain of electrons to specific ions

A

Oxidation and Reduction (redox)

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14
Q

certain substances cause precipitation from solution without themselves entering into solution

A

Catalytic Action

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15
Q

taking up of one substance at the surface of another

kaolin absorbing copper to form chrysocolla

A

Adsorption

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16
Q

occurs between solids and liquids whereby cations are exchanged, producing changed characteristics of both

A

Base Exhchange

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17
Q

ratio of pore volume to the total volume of rock

A

Porosity

18
Q

necessary for passage of solution through host rock to depositional sites

A

Permeability

19
Q

High Permeable Rocks

A

Rhyolite/Quartzite/Limestone/Silicified Rocks

20
Q

Less Permeable Rocks

A

Shale/Schist/Basaltic Rocks/ Chloritized Rocks

21
Q

some constituents in rocks are more reactive

A

Composition

22
Q

thick accumulation of sediments in orogenic environments

A

Geosynclines

23
Q

regional loci of ore deposition

-deposits cluster within or about stocks or batholiths

A

Igneous Intrusions

24
Q

it is related to uplift, folding, faulting, and intrusion

A

geosynclines

25
Q

control location of syngenetic sedimentary deposits

A

Unconformitites

26
Q

are permeable pathways

replacement or metasomatic deposits extend or deposit along it

A

Bedding

27
Q

serve as barriers for mineralizing solutions: Concentrate deposition in strata below or above

A

Impervious Layers (Covers and bases)

28
Q

most important loci of ore

A

Structural Control

29
Q

broader localization of ore belts/mineral districts

A

Regional

30
Q

immediate localization of ore

A

Detailed

31
Q

provide zones of porosity and permeability

A

structural control

32
Q

deposits can be located if fluid is lighter than magma

A

Structural highs - cupolas (cut of a stock dome)

33
Q

sulfide melt is heavier than silicate melt so located at bottom of intrusive

A

Structural Lows -lopoliths

34
Q

axes with increased fracturing provide channelways for pre-ore depostion

A

Folds

35
Q

control deposition of ore deposits

can result from regional stresses

A

Fractures/Lineaments

36
Q

favorable for deposition

increased permeability

loci for interaction of different fluids

A

Structural Intersections

37
Q

controlling structure

A

Syngenetic

38
Q

a high velocity volcanic explosion vent

A

diatreme

39
Q

physical and chemical properties of host rocks

exact properties are seldom evident

operate along with structural features

A

lithologic control

40
Q

cut and displace ore bodies

change attitude, width, and grades of ores

A

Epigenetic

Metalliferous Ore Deposit (5 decks)

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