Nature Of Matter Flashcards
define matter
anything that occupies space, possesses mass and can be felt by one or more of our senses
based on physical states, matter can be classified as
solid, liquid, gas
why do solids retain a fixed volume and shape
constituent particles of matter are held close to each other or tightly packed, usually in a regular pattern and do not have much freedom to move or not easily compressible
why do liquids retain a definite volume but not a definite shape
constituent particles are close together with no regular arrangement and occupy the shape of the container in which they are kept in
their particles can move and are not easily compressible due to little free space but flow easily
why do gases don’t retain a definite volume or a shape
constituent particles are far apart with no regular arrangement and occupy the shape and volume of its container
they can move around and flow easily and are compressible
on applying pressure at a particular temperature gases can be liquefied, where is this principle applied
to compress natural gas and petroleum gas which are available for our uses as CNG and LPG
at macroscopic or bulk level, matter is classified into
mixtures and pure substances
what is a mixture
made up of two or more substances called its components and possess variable composition
mixtures are divided into
homogeneous and heterogeneous
homogeneous mixtures definition
same composition throughout
homogeneous mixtures are also called
solutions
homogeneous mixtures examples
salt solution
sugar solution
air gasoline
brass
heterogeneous mixtures definition
don’t have a uniform composition and sometimes different components can be observed with naked eyes or with microscope
heterogeneous mixture examples
mixture of sugar and salt
grains and pulses along with stones
milk
sand and iron fillings
sand and water
mud
milk is homogeneous or heterogeneous
why
heterogeneous
it appears homogeneous to naked eyes but by physical methods like configuration or churning of components like cream can be separated
components of mixture can be separated by physical methods like
filtration
crystallization
sublimation
extraction
distillation
chromatography
magnetic separation
simple hand picking
pure substances definition
fixed compostion and constituents cannot be separated by simple physical methods
properties do not vary
pure subtances are divided into
elements and compounds
glucose is a mixture or pure substance
pure substance
h20 hydrogen and oxygen ratio of fixed percentage by mass
1:8
c02 carbon and oxygen ratio of fixed percentage by mass
3:8
properties of a compound are different from its constituent elements
explain with example
hydrogen is a combustible subtance which burns with a pop sound and oxygen is a supporter of combustion
but water is neither combustible nor a supporter of combustion, it is used as a fire extinguisher
also, hydrogen and oxygen are gases but water is liquid
iron disulphide formula and also called as
FeS2, also called as iron pyrite
constituents of compounds can be separated by
chemical methods or electricity
ex, magnesium chloride
