Nature of hereditary and environmental factors (DP # 1/2) Flashcards
What is physical development?
Involves changes in the body and its various systems such as development of the brain and it’s hormonal system, bones, muscles, motor skills, and the hormonal changes or puberty and menopause.
What is Social development?
Involves changes in an individual’s relationships with other people and their skills in interacting with others, such as the ability to form and maintain relationships with others in a group situation.
What is Cognitive development?
Involves changes in an individual’s mental abilities, such as reasoning, problem solving, decision making, perception, learning, memory and use of language.
What is emotional development?
Involves changes in how an individual experiences different feelings and how these feelings are expressed, interpreted and dealt with. Eg. the way in which anger is expressed by a 2 year old compared to a 16 year old.
what is Psychological development?
Psychologists who study lifespan development aim to understand, describe, explain and predict the many ways in which out thoughts, feelings and behaviour change throughout our lives.
What are factors influencing psychological development?
There are biological, psychological and social factors influencing psychological development. Bio factors include genetics. Psych factors include self-concept and how we take in information. Social factors include interactions with others.
The Biopsychosocial model
Bio (Biological factors) - genetics, predisposition, age, IQ. Social (Social factors) - language you use, attitudes, friendships and family. Psych (psychological factors) - mental processes, behaviour, self-esteem. Interact and influence an individual’s physical health and wellbeing. Used to explain the factors contributing to mental wellbeing and psychological development.
What is nature vs nurture?
Nature- the inborn, inherited factors gained genetically from biological parents. Eg. eye colour, skin, hair. A gene may affect aggressive behaviour by promoting growth in brain systems.
Nurture- refers to the environmental or external conditions that affect an individual’s development. Experiences we have or stimulus we are exposed to throughout the lifespan. Eg. food, education, money. Environmental factors influencing development -refers to stimuli we are exposed to that help to shape us even before our birth and over our lifespan.
What is an Enriched environment?
An environment where all of one’ s basic needs and more are provided. Eg. nutrition, love, education.
What is a Deprived Environment?
An environment where basic needs are lacking. Eg. poor diet, lack of sensory stimulation, no socialization.
What are twin and adoption studies used for?
Used to look at the comparison of the effects of nature and nurture development.
What is mental wellbeing?
Is a state which an individual realises their own abilities, can cope with normal stresses of life, can work productively, and is able to contribute to the community.
