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Philosophy > Nature of God > Flashcards

Nature of God Flashcards

1
Q

What does Descartes say about gods omnipotence - unlimited

A

God can do anything even the logically impossible.

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2
Q

Descartes example of gods omnipotence

A

Make a square circle or a married bachelor

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3
Q

C.S Lewis and aquinas view on logically impossible things - unlimited

A

These are misuse of language and a nonsense statement, so God not being able to do this is not a limitation

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4
Q

Mavrodes’ solution to the paradox of the stone.

A

God has unlimited power so there being a stone he can’t lift is impossible.

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5
Q

Swinburne’s view on Gods omnipotence - limited

A

God is limited to the logically possible as statements like making a circle square are contradictory

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6
Q

Geach view on omnipotence - unlimited

A

Derived from greek word for almighty ‘pantokrator’ meaning power over everything rather than to do everything.

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7
Q

William of Ockham view on omnipotence - limited

A

God has ordained power, meaning power within the world since he created the world so cannot uncreate the world or change the past.

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8
Q

McQuarrie view on omnipotence - limited

A

God limits himself to incarnate as Jesus

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9
Q

What are the two sides of views on omnipotence

A

Limited and unlimited

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10
Q

Platinga view on omnipotence - limited

A

God chooses to limit his powers so that the world can function with free will

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11
Q

How does omnipotence relate to religious language

A

Aquinas argument of proportions, shows humans cant understand gods level of omnipotence with our definition

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12
Q

What is Whitehead and Hartshornes view on omnipotence - unlimited

A

A limited god is much less impressive than an unlimited one

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13
Q

What are the three critiques of Descartes view of omnipotence

A
  • If god can do anything then he can do things against his loving nature
  • Logically impossible things aren things as they are logically impossible
  • Problem of evil
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14
Q

What is the idea of god creating something from nothing called

A

ExNihilo

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15
Q

What does Boethius have god as

A

Eternal

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16
Q

What does bioethics call gods eternity

A

A simultaneous present

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17
Q

For Boethius what does god being eternal mean

A

God is outside of human time constraints, he observes from an eternal present seeing past present future at the same time.

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18
Q

What does Aquinas use to support Boethius

A

one person is stood on a hill looking down at the road and all the people on it, they are like god as they can see the past where the traveller has walked, present where they are walking, and the future where the traveller is going to walk all at the same time.

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19
Q

What does Boethius argue gods knowledge is like

A

Gods knowledge is of a simultaneous presence, it isnt a foreknowledge

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20
Q

What problem did Boethius realise gods knowledge created

A

If god can see our future actions, then how can humans act otherwise, gods foreknowledge isnt the cause of our actions, free will is

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21
Q

What is Boethius idea of conditional and simple necessity and example

A

A man walking on a sunny day, simple necessity is the sun shining because that is what the sun must do. The man walking is conditional necessity as this has been chosen by free will. God only sees the future that is a result of free will or conditional necessity, he sees the man walking because the man chose to walk

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22
Q

Simple necessity

A

necessity of nature acting according to law

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23
Q

Conditional necessity

A

An action only observed because it has been freely chosen

24
Q

providence

A

Gods knowledge of the world

25
Q

Strengths of Boethius view of gods eternity

A
  • Just because humans cant understand something like gods knowledge doesn’t make it impossible
  • Solves the problem of a bias god saving some people and not others as he cannot intervene as he is outside of time
  • Prayer and ressurection must be re-interpreted
26
Q

Weaknesses of Boethius view of gods eternity

A

-His view of god doesn’t seem like the one expressed in the bible, as bible god has a large part to play in the world
- How could god create the world if he is outside it, did god create the world at the same time it ends?
- How can god be incarnated as Jesus
- God outside of time cant answer prayers

27
Q

Kenny criticism of Boethius view

A

Incoherent idea that god experiences all events at the exact same time

28
Q

What is Anselms view on gods eternity

A

He argues god is eternal but in a way that is within time, with every moment equally present to god, god encompasses all of time

29
Q

Four dimensionalism

A

God is in all times and places at once

30
Q

Anselms view of gods omniscience

A

God knows everything because every moment is equally present in god, matter of human perspective of which timeframe is asked

31
Q

Preceding necessity

A

No free agent or choice involved, laws of nature

32
Q

Following necessity

A

The moment of free choice is known in gods eternal present

33
Q

Anselms view of free will

A

God knows physical laws as these are preceding necessities, god also knows following necessities as he is with humans at the time of choice, he doesn’t determine peoples choice but is present.

34
Q

Weaknesses of Anselms view

A
  • very difficult to imagine gods experience of time, it has to be defined with human. language
  • How does god know what is the present if everything is present to him
  • If god has already seen our free choices then surely they aren’t free
  • Is god malicious if he allows us to make bad free choices
    —–> he limits himself for free will to happen
35
Q

Strentgths of Anselms view

A
  • descriptions of time rely on perspective, so god cant know the future as this is a human perspective, god only knows his perspective of time.
  • Creates a more immanent active god than bioethics distant god
  • Enforces omniscient with gods two types of knowledge
  • Anselm protects free will as god is alongside us at the time of choice so knows our choice as a following necessity
36
Q

How does Swinburne interpret eternity

A

God is eternally within time, or everlasting he has no beginning or end so always exists

37
Q

What does cullman call eternity

A

endless duration

38
Q

How does Pike criticise Boethius

A

Contradicts christian theology as a timeless god cant interact with prayers or incarnate as Jesus

39
Q

Process theology

A

God moves from time alongside his creation, he changes with humans and isn’t omnipotent

40
Q

DZ Phillips view on eternity

A

eternity isnt related to time, it is more a quality of god that cant be understood by human understanding

41
Q

How does Swinburne defines gods knowledge

A

He is logically omniscient, he knows everything that it is possible to know, but he doesn’t knew the future as this is impossible to know

42
Q

What is Swinburne’s view on free will

A

God knowledge deosnt include future knowledge of free will choices as these are unpredictable

43
Q

Strengths of Swinburne’s view on eternity

A
  • Aligns with classical theistic god of the bible more
  • Makes more logical sense to humans, coherent idea
  • God can react to prayers
  • humans retain free will
  • god can be all powerful as he is within the world and can act in the world
44
Q

Weaknesses of Swinburne’s view on eternity

A
  • Challenges gods omniscience
  • god is subject to change so maybe sit all powerful
  • If god is within time then he cant have been everlasting as he must have a start and end
  • We shouldn’t limit god just so humans can understand him
45
Q

Schleiermcahers view on omniscience and free will

A

Gods knowledge is like that of a close friend, can predict our actions but doesn’t cause our actions
——> friends can be wrong but god cannot

46
Q

How does Geach enforce the omniscience of an everlasting god

A

Like playing chess with a grandmaster, he doesn’t know your moves as your moves are your free choice, but he is in control and will ultimately win

47
Q

What is the belief of a simple rather than complex god on gods omnibenevolence

A

God is perfect so omnibenevolent and omnipotent, god is all powerful so can do everything, this doesn’t mean he must do everything, he is simple and rational so as he is all loving of course he wouldn’t kill everyone on earth even though he could

48
Q

What is Dawkins criticisms of the old testament god

A

‘Vindictive, bloodthirsty ethnic cleanser’

—-> Mcgrath - should be interpreted metaphorically

49
Q

Anselm view on gods justice and omnibenevolence

A

God doesn’t influence our free will decisions, he is there as a judge, so he isnt responsible for evil

50
Q

Boethius view on gods justice and omnibenevolence

A

God is outside time and sees choices as a simultaneous present, therefore doesn’t influence choices so isnt responsible for evil, he rewards and punishes free will actions

51
Q

Swinburne’s view on gods justice and omnibenevolence

A

God deosnt know the future so isnt repsonsible for humans evil decisions, god judges humans justly and lovingly on their actions

52
Q

Reasons why God isnt omnibenveolent and just

A
  • Problem of evil
  • process theology expresses god as living among us, so he becomes an empathetic fellow sufferer who doesn’t have the power to stop evil, so he isnt worth worship
  • Euthyphro dilemma
  • God knows the future then actions are predetermined so he is repsonsible
  • God doesn’t prevent peoples terrible choices
53
Q

How would Dostoyevsky express that god isnt just or benevolent

A

God allowed murdering of children, dysteleological evil has no purpose in the world

54
Q

Euthyphro dilemma

A

Does god set the standards for what is good or did they already exist, is murder always bad or did god make it bad, either way it makes gods goodness of lesser value as he either isnt good or isnt in charge of goodness so cant justly judge our actions

55
Q

What is wiles view about god

A

God limits himself in order to preserve free will, he deosnt intervene in the world as it would be selective and bias aswell as defy the laws of nature

56
Q

What do calvinists believe about god

A

He has limitless power and humans should submit to gods will, god chooses who will be saved and who not

57
Q

Middle knowledge

A

God know all the possible free choices a human could make, so the choices are still free but god know every outcome

Philosophy (9 decks)

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