Nature of Earthquake and Earthquake hazard

Question 1

Layers of the earth

Answer 1

Crust, Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core

Question 2

Compositional Layers (chemical)

Answer 2

Crust, Mantle. Core

Question 3

Mechanical Layers

Answer 3

Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, Mesosphere, Outer Core, and Inner core

Question 4

Composition of Tectonic Plates

Answer 4

Crust (Gigantic and Basaltic Rocks), Lithosphere and Asthenosphere

Question 5

proposes that the lithosphere is divided into a series of plates that fit together like the pieces of a jigsaw puzzle

Answer 5

Theory of tectonic plates

Question 6

a weak to violent shaking of the
ground produced by the sudden
movement of rock materials below
the earth’s surface along plate
boundaries

Answer 6

Earthquake

Question 7

How are earthquakes generated

Answer 7

Earthquakes are usually caused by sudden slippage along a fault line

Question 8

who concluded the elastic rebound theory

Answer 8

Henry Fielding Reid

Question 9

the earthquake must have been involved in a previous elastic stress

Answer 9

Elastic rebound theory

Question 10

Two types of earthquakes

Answer 10

• Tectonic earthquakes
• Volcanic Earthquakes

Question 11

Produced by sudden movement along faults and plate boundaries

Answer 11

Tectonic Earthquakes

Question 12

Produced by movement of magma beneath volcanoes

Answer 12

Volcanic Earthquakes

Question 13

Deformation on the ground that marks the intersection of the fault
with the earth’s surface

Answer 13

Ground Rupture

Question 14

Recommended buffer zone against ground rupture

Answer 14

At least 5 meters from both sides

Question 15

Disruptive up and down, and
sideways motion experienced
during an earthquake

Answer 15

Ground shaking

Question 16

2 types of Seismic waves

Answer 16

Body and Surface

Question 17

Two types of body waves

Answer 17

Primary and secondary waves

Question 18

Two types of Surface waves

Answer 18

Love and Rayleigh waves

Question 19

A seismic waves that travels along or parallel to the earth’s surface

Answer 19

Surface Waves

Question 20

waves that can travel throughout the earth’s inner layer

Answer 20

Body Waves

Question 21

travel faster, move in a push-pull pattern, travel through solids, liquids and gases, and cause less damage due to their smaller size.

Answer 21

Primary waves

Question 22

travel slower, move in an up-and-down pattern, travel only through solids, and cause more damage due to their greater size.

Answer 22

Secondary waves

Question 23

surface waves that move parallel to the Earth’s surface and perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation.

Answer 23

Love Waves

Question 24

surface waves that move in an elliptical motion, producing both a vertical and horizontal component of motion in the direction of wave propagation

Answer 24

Rayleigh Waves

Question 25

Proper engineering practice

Answer 25

Adherence to the National Structure code of the Philippines

Question 26

Why does seismographs produce 3 different seismograms

Answer 26

It responds to P, S, and surface waves moving in all directions

Question 27

Phenomenon in which a water saturated sandy layers of earth act like liquid due to pressure created by the earthquake

Answer 27

Liquefaction

Question 28

Structure protection measures in
case of liquefaction

Answer 28

1. Avoiding construction of structures on soil susceptible to liquefaction
2. Adjusting the structure foundations to the type of soil susceptible to liquefaction
3. Improving or replacing the soil susceptible to liquefaction before construction of structure

Question 29

Failure of slope materials due to strong ground shaking

Answer 29

Earthquake induced landslide

Question 30

Waves or series of waves caused by an earthquake under the sea

Answer 30

Tsunami

Question 31

two types of tsunamis

Answer 31

Distance and Local

Question 32

Natural Observations for local tsunami warning

Answer 32

1. A strong earthquake
2. Unusual sea conditions
3. Rumbling sound of the approaching waves
   Solution: Immediately move to higher grounds