Nature-Nurture Flashcards

1
Q

Environment

A

Everything that is outside our body. Any influence on behaviour which is non-genetic.

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2
Q

Nature

A

Any influence on behaviour that is genetic.

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3
Q

Cognitive Nature

A
  • HM supports existence of nature affecting memory as he could not remember after a surgery.
  • Memory encoded and stored in brain.
  • Reconstructive memory - schemas are nature as they are universal mental constructs hard wired into memory.
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4
Q

Cognitive Nurture

A
  • Peterson + Peterson showed an influence of rehearsal on STM.
  • Schemas come from environment / life experiences/
  • Cog Psy explains how memory works using models like MSM which emphasises nurture.
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5
Q

Biological Nature

A
  • Evolution shows many traits come from genetics.
  • Brain structures and activities effect behaviour (high activity in amygdala and violence).
  • Euphoria produced when taking drugs.
  • Brengden showed that physical aggression was due to nature (MZ higher concordance than DZ).
  • Raine matched them on SZ which takes into account biology.
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6
Q

Biological Nurture

A
  • Genes selected based on environment you are in.
  • Raine identified in his study we do not have cause and effect, environment could cause brain differences.
  • Strength / Size of a persons brain is due to environmental factors.
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7
Q

Learning Nature

A
  • Pavlov shows that animals learn through CC.
  • The UCS to UCR is a natural reaction.
  • Evolutionary Phobias are naturally occurring designed to aid survival.
  • Flooding works because the sympathetic nervous system cannot remain in the alarm state, therefore shows true impact of nature.
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8
Q

Learning Nurture

A
  • Theory is all about learning from the environment.
  • CC associates 2 environmental stimuli.
  • OC is the effect of reinforcement.
  • Vicarious reinforcement is nurture through watching others be rewarded.
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9
Q

Social Nature

A
  • Blass found little difference between obedience cross-culturally, suggesting nature.
  • Social psychology says we have evolved to be part of groups.
  • Agency theory says we have evolved to follow a hierarchical structure.
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10
Q

Social Nurture

A
  • Milgram’s variations show differences in obedience and conformity as a result of proximity and status.
  • Agency theory shows that a presence of an authority figure is evidence of nurture.
  • SIT suggests the number of sources and targets can influence obedience in group situations.
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