Nature-Nurture Flashcards
1
Q
Environment
A
Everything that is outside our body. Any influence on behaviour which is non-genetic.
2
Q
Nature
A
Any influence on behaviour that is genetic.
3
Q
Cognitive Nature
A
- HM supports existence of nature affecting memory as he could not remember after a surgery.
- Memory encoded and stored in brain.
- Reconstructive memory - schemas are nature as they are universal mental constructs hard wired into memory.
4
Q
Cognitive Nurture
A
- Peterson + Peterson showed an influence of rehearsal on STM.
- Schemas come from environment / life experiences/
- Cog Psy explains how memory works using models like MSM which emphasises nurture.
5
Q
Biological Nature
A
- Evolution shows many traits come from genetics.
- Brain structures and activities effect behaviour (high activity in amygdala and violence).
- Euphoria produced when taking drugs.
- Brengden showed that physical aggression was due to nature (MZ higher concordance than DZ).
- Raine matched them on SZ which takes into account biology.
6
Q
Biological Nurture
A
- Genes selected based on environment you are in.
- Raine identified in his study we do not have cause and effect, environment could cause brain differences.
- Strength / Size of a persons brain is due to environmental factors.
7
Q
Learning Nature
A
- Pavlov shows that animals learn through CC.
- The UCS to UCR is a natural reaction.
- Evolutionary Phobias are naturally occurring designed to aid survival.
- Flooding works because the sympathetic nervous system cannot remain in the alarm state, therefore shows true impact of nature.
8
Q
Learning Nurture
A
- Theory is all about learning from the environment.
- CC associates 2 environmental stimuli.
- OC is the effect of reinforcement.
- Vicarious reinforcement is nurture through watching others be rewarded.
9
Q
Social Nature
A
- Blass found little difference between obedience cross-culturally, suggesting nature.
- Social psychology says we have evolved to be part of groups.
- Agency theory says we have evolved to follow a hierarchical structure.
10
Q
Social Nurture
A
- Milgram’s variations show differences in obedience and conformity as a result of proximity and status.
- Agency theory shows that a presence of an authority figure is evidence of nurture.
- SIT suggests the number of sources and targets can influence obedience in group situations.