nature and types of quantitative research Flashcards
plans and procedures for research that span the steps from broad assumptions to detailed methods of data collection, analysis, and interpretation.
research approach
strategies or types of inquiry that provide specific direction for procedures in a research design
research design
specific steps of data collection, analysis and interpretation
research methods
attribute (e.g., attitude toward flexible learning) or characteristic of individuals (e.g., gender) that researchers study
Variables
is the outcome (or response) variable. Changes in the dependent
variables are presumed to be caused or influenced by the independent
variable.
Dependent
Variables
is the variable that is being manipulated, or the one that varies. It is
sometimes called the ‘predictor’ or ‘treatment’ variable.
Independent
Variables
is any variable that you’re not investigating that can potentially
affect the outcomes of your research study. If left uncontrolled, it
can lead to inaccurate conclusions about the relationship
between independent and dependent variables.
Extraneous
Variables
group of individuals having common characteristics that are the interest of a researcher
population
representative group of individuals from a particular population
sample
process of drawing a representative group of individuals from a particular population
sampling
variation between the means of sample groups as well as population means
sampling error
probability of each element in the population is ensured for being selected as sample unit for study
random sampling techniques
samples are selected from the population without randomization.
non-random sampling techniques
nonexperimental research based on primary research objective. what are these?
- descriptive research
- predictive research
- explanatory research
a research obj where there is no manipulation of variables involved
descriptive research
types of time dimension
- coss-sectional research
- longitudinal research
a. trend studies
b. panel or prospective studies - retrospective research
datas are collected from the research participants at a single point in time or during a single relatively brief time period, data directly apply to each case at that single time period, and comparisons are made across variables of interest
cross-sectional research
data are collected at more than one time point or data collection period and the researcher makes comparisons across time
longitudinal research
under longitudinal research where independent sampls are taken from a population over time and the same questions are asked
trend studies
same individuals are studied at successive points over time
panel or prospective studies
the researcher looks backward in time (start with the dependent variable and moving backwards in time to locate information on independent variables that help explain current differences on dependent variable.
retrospective research
4 worldviews
postpositivism
transformative
constructivism
pragmatism
determination
reductionism
empirical observation and measurement
theory verification
postpositivism
political
power and justice oriented
collaborative
change-oriented
transformative
understanding
multiple participant meanings
social and historical construction
theory generation
constructivism
consequences of actions
problem centered
pluralistic
real world practice oriented
pragmatism
8 cha. of quanti research
quantify a problem
random sampling
deductive reasoning
object based researchh
systematic operations
advanced statistical analysis
graphical data representation
numerical projection of perceptions
testing objective theories by examining the
relationship among variables.
Quantitative research
compares two
or more groups
in terms of a
cause (or
independent
variable)
no randomization
causal-comparative research
(with the random
assignment of subjects
to treatment conditions)
true experiment
(use nonrandomized
assignments)
quasi-experiment
use the correlational statistics to describe
and measure the degree or association
(or relationship) between two or more
variables or sets of scores
correlational research
It includes cross-sectional and longitudinal studies
survey research
example of intervention research
experimental research:
true experiment
quasi- expe
ex of non-intervention research
non-experimental:
correlational
survey (descriptive)
4 experimental designs
pre- experimental
true expe
quasi expe
statistical
commonly exployed EXPE DESIGN
QUASI
type of ed that has pre,post test, control group, solomon four group
true expe
types of quasi
time series
multiple time series
types of statistical reseach design
randomized blocks
latin square
factorial design
causal vs. correlational
causal comparative - one categorical variable
corre - quantitative variables
there is significant difference / relationship in the conclusion even if there is none
type 1 error
there is no significant difference / relationship in the conclusion even if there is
type 2 error
is central in the
quantitative research process.
Data collection
