nature and types of quantitative research

Question 1

plans and procedures for research that span the steps from broad assumptions to detailed methods of data collection, analysis, and interpretation.

Answer 1

research approach

Question 2

strategies or types of inquiry that provide specific direction for procedures in a research design

Answer 2

research design

Question 3

specific steps of data collection, analysis and interpretation

Answer 3

research methods

Question 4

attribute (e.g., attitude toward flexible learning) or characteristic of individuals (e.g., gender) that researchers study

Answer 4

Variables

Question 5

is the outcome (or response) variable. Changes in the dependent
variables are presumed to be caused or influenced by the independent
variable.

Answer 5

Dependent
Variables

Question 6

is the variable that is being manipulated, or the one that varies. It is
sometimes called the ‘predictor’ or ‘treatment’ variable.

Answer 6

Independent
Variables

Question 7

is any variable that you’re not investigating that can potentially
affect the outcomes of your research study. If left uncontrolled, it
can lead to inaccurate conclusions about the relationship
between independent and dependent variables.

Answer 7

Extraneous
Variables

Question 8

group of individuals having common characteristics that are the interest of a researcher

Answer 8

population

Question 9

representative group of individuals from a particular population

Answer 9

sample

Question 10

process of drawing a representative group of individuals from a particular population

Answer 10

sampling

Question 11

variation between the means of sample groups as well as population means

Answer 11

sampling error

Question 12

probability of each element in the population is ensured for being selected as sample unit for study

Answer 12

random sampling techniques

Question 13

samples are selected from the population without randomization.

Answer 13

non-random sampling techniques

Question 14

nonexperimental research based on primary research objective. what are these?

Answer 14

1. descriptive research
2. predictive research
3. explanatory research

Question 15

a research obj where there is no manipulation of variables involved

Answer 15

descriptive research

Question 16

types of time dimension

Answer 16

1. coss-sectional research
2. longitudinal research
   a. trend studies
   b. panel or prospective studies
3. retrospective research

Question 17

datas are collected from the research participants at a single point in time or during a single relatively brief time period, data directly apply to each case at that single time period, and comparisons are made across variables of interest

Answer 17

cross-sectional research

Question 18

data are collected at more than one time point or data collection period and the researcher makes comparisons across time

Answer 18

longitudinal research

Question 19

under longitudinal research where independent sampls are taken from a population over time and the same questions are asked

Answer 19

trend studies

Question 20

same individuals are studied at successive points over time

Answer 20

panel or prospective studies

Question 21

the researcher looks backward in time (start with the dependent variable and moving backwards in time to locate information on independent variables that help explain current differences on dependent variable.

Answer 21

retrospective research

Question 22

4 worldviews

Answer 22

postpositivism
transformative
constructivism
pragmatism

Question 23

determination
reductionism
empirical observation and measurement
theory verification

Answer 23

postpositivism

Question 24

political
power and justice oriented
collaborative
change-oriented

Answer 24

transformative

Question 25

understanding multiple participant meanings social and historical construction theory generation

Answer 25

constructivism

Question 26

consequences of actions problem centered pluralistic real world practice oriented

Answer 26

pragmatism

Question 27

8 cha. of quanti research

Answer 27

quantify a problem random sampling deductive reasoning object based researchh systematic operations advanced statistical analysis graphical data representation numerical projection of perceptions

Question 28

testing objective theories by examining the relationship among variables.

Answer 28

Quantitative research

Question 29

compares two or more groups in terms of a cause (or independent variable) no randomization

Answer 29

causal-comparative research

Question 30

(with the random assignment of subjects to treatment conditions)

Answer 30

true experiment

Question 31

(use nonrandomized assignments)

Answer 31

quasi-experiment

Question 32

use the correlational statistics to describe and measure the degree or association (or relationship) between two or more variables or sets of scores

Answer 32

correlational research

Question 33

It includes cross-sectional and longitudinal studies

Answer 33

survey research

Question 34

example of intervention research

Answer 34

experimental research: true experiment quasi- expe

Question 35

ex of non-intervention research

Answer 35

non-experimental: correlational survey (descriptive)

Question 36

4 experimental designs

Answer 36

pre- experimental true expe quasi expe statistical

Question 37

commonly exployed EXPE DESIGN

Answer 37

QUASI

Question 38

type of ed that has pre,post test, control group, solomon four group

Answer 38

true expe

Question 39

types of quasi

Answer 39

time series multiple time series

Question 40

types of statistical reseach design

Answer 40

randomized blocks latin square factorial design

Question 41

causal vs. correlational

Answer 41

causal comparative - one categorical variable corre - quantitative variables

Question 42

there is significant difference / relationship in the conclusion even if there is none

Answer 42

type 1 error

Question 43

there is no significant difference / relationship in the conclusion even if there is

Answer 43

type 2 error

Question 44

is central in the quantitative research process.

Answer 44

Data collection