methodology

Question 1

STEPS IN THE DATA COLLECTION PROCESS

Answer 1

1Determining the participants of the study
2Obtaining permissions needed from several individuals
and organizations
3Considering what types of information to
collect from several sources.
4Locating and selecting instruments to use
5Administering the data collection process

Question 2

ex. of prob/random sampling techniques

Answer 2

simple random
systematic
stratefied
cluster
area
multi-stage

Question 3

ex. of non-prob/non-random sampling techniques

Answer 3

judgemental
convenience
quota
panel
snowball

Question 4

Each member of the population is numbered.
* Then, a given size of the sample is drawn with the help of a
random number chart.

Answer 4

Simple Random Sample

Question 5

Divide the population into groups or strata
each of which is homogenous with respect
to the given characteristic feature.
* Draw sample from each strata at random.

Answer 5

Stratified Random Sampling

Question 6

the selection of units may pass through
various stages, before you finally reach your sample of
study.

Answer 6

Cluster/ Multistage Sample

Question 7

provide an estimate of the population parameter and to test the hypothesis.

Answer 7

sampling

Question 8

7 STAGES OF SAMPLING PROCESS

Answer 8

1.Define the population
2.Specifying the sampling
3.Specifying the sampling unit
4.Selection of the sampling method
5.Determination of sample size.
6.Specifying the sampling plan.
7. Selecting the sample.

Question 9

When the true selection probabilities differ from those assumed in calculating the results.

Answer 9

Selection bias:

Question 10

Random variation in the results due to the elements in the sample being selected at
random.

Answer 10

Random sampling error:

Question 11

are other errors which can impact the final survey estimates, caused by problems in data
collection, processing, or sample design.

Answer 11

 Non-sampling error

Question 12

can be classified into sampling errors and non-sampling errors.

Answer 12

Total errors

Question 13

under non-sampling error

1. Over-coverage
2. Under-coverage
3. Measurement error -
4. Processing error
5. Non-response:

Question 14

Inclusion of data from outside of the population.

Answer 14

Over-coverage

Question 15

Occurs when some members of the population are inadequately represented in the sample.

Answer 15

Under-coverage

Question 16

When respondents misunderstand a question, or find it difficult to answer.

Answer 16

Measurement error -

Question 17

Mistakes in data coding.

Answer 17

Processing error

Question 18

Failure to obtain complete data from all selected individuals.

Answer 18

Non-response:

Question 19

refers to the bias that results from problems in the measurement
process.

Answer 19

Response bias

Question 20

– Measures of central tendency
– Measures of variability
– The normal curve
– Correlation

Answer 20

Descriptive statistics

Question 21

– t-Test
– ANOVA

Answer 21

Inferential statistics
use obtained data to infer population

Question 22

levels of measurement

Answer 22

nominal
ordinal
interval
ratio

Question 23

data may only be classified
sex male, female

Answer 23

nominal

Question 24

data are ranked

Answer 24

ordinal

1st, 2nd
3rd

Question 25

meaningful difference bet values

Answer 25

interval ex. body temp

Question 26

meaningful point and ration bet values

Answer 26

ratio of hrs spent studying

Question 27

3 measures of central tendency

Answer 27

mean median mode

Question 28

3 measures of variability

Answer 28

range (high-low score) SD (descriptive stats) Variance (often in inferential)

Question 29

Major types of qualitative research design include:

Answer 29

 Phenomenology  Ethnography  Grounded theory  Case study  Narrative inquiry

Question 30

It is a methodology for descriptive studies of cultures and peoples

Answer 30

Ethnography

Question 31

development of a new theory through the collection and analysis of data about a phenomenon

Answer 31

Grounded theory

Question 32

 In-depth analysis of a single or small number of unites  It is used to describe an entity that forms a single unit such as a person, an organization or an institution  Complexity: illustration of an event VS. analysis of social situation over time  As a research design, it offers rich and in-depth information which is not usually offered by other methods

Answer 32

Case study

Question 33

Collect information from groups of people rather than a series of individuals

Answer 33

Focus group discussion

Question 34

Discussing limited number of topics  Phrase questions in the interviewee’s previous response

Answer 34

Unstructured interviews or in-depth interviews

Question 35

FGD can be used when

Answer 35

Resources are limited  To identify a number of individuals who share a common factor  It is desirable to collect the views of several people within the population sub group  Group interaction among participants has the potential for greater insights to be developed