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methodology Flashcards

1
Q

STEPS IN THE DATA COLLECTION PROCESS

A

1Determining the participants of the study
2Obtaining permissions needed from several individuals
and organizations
3Considering what types of information to
collect from several sources.
4Locating and selecting instruments to use
5Administering the data collection process

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2
Q

ex. of prob/random sampling techniques

A

simple random
systematic
stratefied
cluster
area
multi-stage

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3
Q

ex. of non-prob/non-random sampling techniques

A

judgemental
convenience
quota
panel
snowball

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4
Q

Each member of the population is numbered.
* Then, a given size of the sample is drawn with the help of a
random number chart.

A

Simple Random Sample

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5
Q

Divide the population into groups or strata
each of which is homogenous with respect
to the given characteristic feature.
* Draw sample from each strata at random.

A

Stratified Random Sampling

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6
Q

the selection of units may pass through
various stages, before you finally reach your sample of
study.

A

Cluster/ Multistage Sample

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7
Q

provide an estimate of the population parameter and to test the hypothesis.

A

sampling

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8
Q

7 STAGES OF SAMPLING PROCESS

A

1.Define the population
2.Specifying the sampling
3.Specifying the sampling unit
4.Selection of the sampling method
5.Determination of sample size.
6.Specifying the sampling plan.
7. Selecting the sample.

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9
Q

When the true selection probabilities differ from those assumed in calculating the results.

A

Selection bias:

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10
Q

Random variation in the results due to the elements in the sample being selected at
random.

A

Random sampling error:

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11
Q

are other errors which can impact the final survey estimates, caused by problems in data
collection, processing, or sample design.

A

 Non-sampling error

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12
Q

can be classified into sampling errors and non-sampling errors.

A

Total errors

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13
Q

under non-sampling error

  1. Over-coverage
  2. Under-coverage
  3. Measurement error -
  4. Processing error
  5. Non-response:
A
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14
Q

Inclusion of data from outside of the population.

A

Over-coverage

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15
Q

Occurs when some members of the population are inadequately represented in the sample.

A

Under-coverage

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16
Q

When respondents misunderstand a question, or find it difficult to answer.

A

Measurement error -

17
Q

Mistakes in data coding.

A

Processing error

18
Q

Failure to obtain complete data from all selected individuals.

A

Non-response:

19
Q

refers to the bias that results from problems in the measurement
process.

A

Response bias

20
Q

– Measures of central tendency
– Measures of variability
– The normal curve
– Correlation

A

Descriptive statistics

21
Q

– t-Test
– ANOVA

A

Inferential statistics
use obtained data to infer population

22
Q

levels of measurement

A

nominal
ordinal
interval
ratio

23
Q

data may only be classified
sex male, female

A

nominal

24
Q

data are ranked

A

ordinal

1st, 2nd
3rd

25
Q

meaningful difference bet values

A

interval

ex. body temp

26
Q

meaningful point and ration bet values

A

ratio

of hrs spent studying

27
Q

3 measures of central tendency

A

mean median mode

28
Q

3 measures of variability

A

range (high-low score)
SD (descriptive stats)
Variance (often in inferential)

29
Q

Major types of qualitative research design
include:

A

 Phenomenology
 Ethnography
 Grounded theory
 Case study
 Narrative inquiry

30
Q

It is a methodology for descriptive studies of cultures
and peoples

A

Ethnography

31
Q

development of a new theory through
the collection and analysis of data about a
phenomenon

A

Grounded theory

32
Q

 In-depth analysis of a single or small number of unites
 It is used to describe an entity that forms a single unit such as a person, an organization or an institution
 Complexity: illustration of an event VS. analysis of social situation over time
 As a research design, it offers rich and in-depth information which is not usually offered by other methods

A

Case study

33
Q

Collect information from groups of people rather
than a series of individuals

A

Focus group discussion

34
Q

Discussing limited number of topics
 Phrase questions in the interviewee’s previous response

A

Unstructured interviews or in-depth interviews

35
Q

FGD can be used when

A

Resources are limited
 To identify a number of individuals who share a common
factor
 It is desirable to collect the views of several people within
the population sub group
 Group interaction among participants has the potential for
greater insights to be developed

Research (3 decks)

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