Natural selection and genetic modification

Question 1

Darwins theory of evolution

Answer 1

Challenged the idea god made everything on earth. Proposed theory of evolution by natural selection. Organisms that are better adapted to environments survive and reproduce, passing on genes. Animals that arent adapted very well die out and dont pass on genes.

Question 2

Antibiotic resistance

Answer 2

Bacteria reproducing and mutating to become resistant to treatments and antibiotics. Bacteria that arent adapted will die out and those that have resistance will reproduce.

Question 3

Steps in developing resistance

Answer 3

1. Random Mutation occurs
2. Mutations protect the cell protect the cell from the effects of the antibiotic
3. Bacteria without the mutation die cannot reproduce when the antibiotic is present

Question 4

MRSA

Answer 4

Methicillin resiliant staphylococucus aureus.

Very dangerous as it is resistant to most antibiotics. In order to reduce rate of resistance doctors should: not prescribe antibiotics innapropriately, patients should always finish the course of antibiotics and the agricultural use of antibiotics should be restricted

Question 5

Evidence of evolution - Fossils

Answer 5

Fossil is the preserved remains of a dead organism. Fossils contain hard body parts such as bones and shells, parts of organisms that have not decayed because the conditions for decay have not been met and preserved traces of organisms such as footprints, burrows and rootlet traces becoming covered by sediment

Question 6

Evidence for human evolution

Answer 6

Skeletons found in africa - Ardi and Lucy - dating back 4.4 million years ago.

Tools that were made by primitive humans.

Question 7

The pentadactyl limb

Answer 7

Vertebrates have descended from a common ancestor. We all have pentadactyl limbs (5 fingered)

Question 8

Genetic Modification

Answer 8

Adding genes through a complex scientific process to a cell that doesnt naturally possess them. eg: Bacteria producing insulin to help people with diabetes.

Question 9

Ethical issues with Genetic modification

Answer 9

People think it can be unethical to create GMO’s and that it can produce health risks by changing an organisms genes.

Question 10

Restriction enzymes

Answer 10

Enzyme that unzips DNA and allows scientists to take genes out. They leave the gene with sticky ends so you can insert another gene