Key concepts in Biology Flashcards

1
Q

Key Parts of an animal cell

A

Nucleus, Cell membrane, Cytoplasm, Mitochondrion, Ribosomes

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2
Q

What Type of cell is an Animal cell?

A

Eukaryotic

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3
Q

What type of cell are Bacteria?

A

Prokaryotic - with no membrane bound nuclei

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4
Q

Key Parts of a plant cell

A

All of the animal cell parts + Vacuole, Cell wall, Chloroplasts

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5
Q

Purpose of cell wall

A

To keep plant rigid

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6
Q

Purpose of vacuole

A

To help keep the cell swolen - filled with cell sap

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7
Q

Parts of a bacteria

A

Flagellum, Chromosomal DNA, Plasmid DNA, Cell wall

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8
Q

How does a bacteria reproduce?

A

They divide by binary fission - similar to mitosis but much simpler

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9
Q

Specialized animal cells

A

Sperm - Enzymes in head to break through egg wall, Midpiece containing lots of mitochondria, tail for swimming

Egg - Nutrients for growth of early embryo.

Ciliated Epithelial Cell - Mucus and cilia on surface to move fluids and particles up the trachea.

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10
Q

Types of microscope

A

Electron and Light

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11
Q

Whats the Difference between the two microscopes?

A

Electron microscopes provide higher magnification and resolution but cannot be used on living cells

Light microsopes can be used for studying living cells and for low magnification work.

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12
Q

EQUATION FOR MAGNIFICATION

A

Magnification = SIZE OF IMAGE DIVIDED BY REAL SIZE OF OBJECT

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13
Q

Why cant electron microscopes be used on living samples?

A

The samples must be placed in a vacuum

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14
Q

Enzymes

A

Proteins that function as biological catalysts.

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15
Q

Lock and key Hypothesis

A

Enzyme is a particular shape
Active site is a place where enzymes fit
Both the shape of the substrate and the active site match.

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16
Q

What happens when an enzyme is exposed to extremes of PH or Temperature?

A

It will denature and not function as expected.

17
Q

Rate of reaction equation

A

Amount of substrate used or amount of product formed DIVIDED BY time taken.

18
Q

KEY PRACTICAL: PH ON ENZYME ACTIVITY

A
  1. Set up bunsen burner
  2. Place beaker of water at 35 Degrees
  3. Put iodine onto each spot on a spotting tile
  4. Add 2cm^3 of amylase
  5. Add 2cm^3 of starch
  6. Add 1cm^3 of PH solution into tube
  7. Heat with bunsen
  8. Put each drop of solution into test tube every 20 secs
  9. Repeat until iodine stops turning black, record time taken.
19
Q

Diffusion

A

Particles in a gas or liquid will spread to fill their available container. They will always move - but end up evenly spread through the liquid or gas

20
Q

Osmosis

A

Water molecules moving in and out of a cell WITH THE CONCENTRATION GRADIENT. This is a passive process that requires no energy

21
Q

Active transport

A

Moving nutrients etc AGAINST THE CONCENTRATION GRADIENT: This uses energy.

22
Q

Define Plasmolysis

A

When a solution inside a cell becomes very concentrated, the cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall completely.