Natural Selection and Adaptation

Question 1

balancing selection

Answer 1

heterozygote advantage and freq dependent selection, how genetic variation maintained

Question 2

continuous variation

Answer 2

multifactorial, meaning that many factors, both genetic and environmental, collectively influence phenotype (skin color)

Question 3

darwinian fitness

Answer 3

individual’s contribution of offspring to the next generation

Question 4

directional selection

Answer 4

favors one extreme, hunting/fishing often involve strong directional selection (ex: cod shrinks)

Question 5

disruptive selection

Answer 5

favors both extremes

Question 6

positive/negative frequency dependent selection

Answer 6

postive: selection for more commen trait
negative: selection fir rarer trait

Question 7

genetic equilibrium

Answer 7

condition of an allele or genotype in a gene pool (such as a population) where the frequency does not change from generation to generation.

Question 8

heterozygote advantage

Answer 8

heterozygotes most fit, leads to balanced polymorphism (both alleles maintained), form of balancing selection

Question 9

stabilizing selection

Answer 9

• based on polygenic/continuous variation
• favors intermediate
• reduces variation
• occurs in stable environments