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Religious Studies- Ethics📖 > Natural Law📖 > Flashcards

Natural Law📖 Flashcards

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1
Q

who was natural law created by?

A

Saint Thomas Aquinas

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2
Q

what were Aquinas’ dates?

A

1225-1274 AD

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3
Q

who was Aquinas influenced by?

A

Greek philosopher, Aristotle

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4
Q

what were Aristotle’s dates?

A

384-322 BC

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5
Q

what type of ethic is natural law and where is it practiced?

A

religious ethic practiced in the catholic church

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6
Q

is natural law teleological or deontological?

A

both but mainly deontological

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7
Q

what does ‘deon’ mean and what language is it?

A

duty in Greek

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8
Q

what does ‘telos’ mean and what language is it from?

A

end in Greek

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9
Q

what does deontological mean?

A

only the action itself is judged and not the reason for the action

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10
Q

what is the purpose of natural law?

A

Aquinas wanted to illustrate what the end purpose is for humanity and show humanity ways to achieve that end purpose

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11
Q

according to Aquinas, what can moral agents use their reason to do?

A

to work out God’s purpose for humanity

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12
Q

who was Aquinas inspired by for the ‘reason’ part of his theory?

A

Aristotle

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13
Q

what did Aristotle believe about reason?

A

key element of human existence that distinguishes us from the rest of the creation

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14
Q

what did Aquinas believe about reason?

A

he ‘christianised’ this theory and said that the human ability to reason was a gift from God

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15
Q

“The moral life is the life…”

A

“…according to reason.”

Aquinas

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16
Q

who was Aquinas influenced by with his theory of the ‘highest good’?

A

Aristotle

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17
Q

what does the term ‘highest good’ mean?

A

ultimate end purpose

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18
Q

what did Aristotle believe was humanities highest good?

A

Eudaimonia- the pursuit of happiness

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19
Q

what did Aquinas argue was humanities highest good?

A

to become more like God

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20
Q

how can humanity develop into the image of God according to Aquinas?

A

by obeying our end purposes set by God which natural law will reveal

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21
Q

what are the ‘four levels of law’ according to Aquinas?

A

eternal law
divine law
natural law
human law

22
Q

what is eternal law?

A

the deontological laws that god created that control the whole universe e.g gravity

23
Q

can humans fully know eternal law?

A

no, we can only see a reflection because human brains don’t have the capacity

24
Q

how can humans see a reflection of God’s eternal laws?

A

through divine and natural law

25
Q

what is divine law?

A

laws in the Bible e.g the 10 commandments e.g “thou shall not steal”

26
Q

what is natural law?

A

law revealed through our god given innate, our ability to think

27
Q

what is human law?

A

the deontological rules in our society enforced by the police and courts, e.g laws that state that you can’t murder

28
Q

what are the 3 types of precepts that Aquinas reasoned out?

A

key, primary and secondary

29
Q

according to Aquinas what was the key precept?

A

“Do good and avoid evil”

30
Q

“Natural law is the law written…”

A

“…on all our hearts”

31
Q

why do we need the primary precepts?

A

to know what’s good and what’s evil

32
Q

what were the primary precepts according to Aquinas?

A

5 human purposes based on humanities natural inclinations, they are permanent, universal and unchanging

33
Q

“there is a single…”

A

“…standard of truth for everyone.”

34
Q

what are the 5 primary precepts? (POWER)

A 
preservation of life
orderly living in society
worship God
education
reproduction of the human species
35
Q

how do we get the deontological secondary precepts?

A

by reasoning out the primary precepts

36
Q

what happens when you follow the primary precepts?

A

moral agents will re-stablish a a right relationship with God and gain eternal life in heaven, with God when they die

37
Q

what is a virtue?

A

an excellence in our character

38
Q

what is a vice?

A

a weakness in our character

39
Q

how many virtues are there?

A

7

  • 4 cardinal
  • 3 revealed
40
Q

what are the 4 cardinal virtues?

A

fortitude
temperance
prudence
justice

41
Q

what are the 3 revealed virtues?

A

faith
hope
charity agape love

42
Q

where do the cardinal virtues originate from?

A

the theories of Aristotle

43
Q

where do the revealed virtues originate from?

A

the Bible

44
Q

what is an exterior act?

A

the deontological actions that can be seen e.g helping an old lady across the road

45
Q

what is an interior act?

A

the intention behind an action e.g the reason behind helping the old Lady across the road

46
Q

according to Aquinas what must we have to be morally good?

A

both good actions and good intentions

47
Q

what is the real good?

A

reasoning out and following natural law correctly

48
Q

what is an apparent good?

A

reasoning out something that’s good that is actually bad- using our God-given reason incorrectly

49
Q

did Aquinas think that people actually intend to be bad?

A

no, he believed that we are all inclined to be good because we have the God-given ability to reason, we can just have an error of reason

50
Q

what do we need to apply natural law to?

A

abortion and voluntary euthanasia

Religious Studies- Ethics📖 (4 decks)

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