Natural Language Interface and Voice

Question 1

what is NLP?

Answer 1

Natural Language Processing

its a branch of AL concerned with the ability of a computer to be able to understand human interaction in its natural spoken or written form.

it can be defined as the ability of a machine to analyse, understand and generate human speech

Question 2

what is ASR?

Answer 2

Automated Speech Recognition

sound input converted to text for further processing (Speech-to-Text)

Question 3

what is the application natural language?

Answer 3

spam filters

answering questions

extracting information

summarsing information

Question 4

what spam filter?

Answer 4

they use NLP to try and extract meaning from strings of text to help identify unwanted email and prevent it from entering clients in box in their email applications

Question 5

what is the application answering questions?

Answer 5

search engines provide us with a wealth of information but rely on users being very specificwth the key words used to support web based searches

Question 6

what is the application of extracting information?

Answer 6

with using financial market they use algorithmic trading as a means of managing investments

finanical investments are controlled primarily by technology which will evaluate news articles and extract relavent information to evaluate stock markets patterns before determining if clienrs should buy, sele or hold stocks

Question 7

what is the application of summarising information?

Answer 7

information overload poses a problem for man digital users today

Facebook uses NLP to anaylse information on users colllected via social media to help determine their prefrences and to help determine which articles and adverts should be presented higher up in the news feed

Question 8

why do NLP have trouble?

Answer 8

they try to understand the meaning of individual words, rather than the whole sentences or phrases

attempting to undertsnad whole phrases can be made more difficult due to the fact that many words have double meaning

Question 9

what is morphology?

Answer 9

how words are fomed and their relationships with other words

Question 10

what is syntax?

Answer 10

how words and sentence are put together

Question 11

what is semantics?

Answer 11

the meaning of words and groups of words

Question 12

what is pragmatics?

Answer 12

the context of spoken expressions

Question 13

what is phonology?

Answer 13

the sound associated with spoken language

Question 14

what is part of speech tagging (Pos)?

Answer 14

first step in NLP involves morphology

modern applications will apply a self-learning algorims which will tag words with multiple meanings

these applications will first determine the highest ocuring meanng for the tagged word and then use this to try and understand the functions

Question 15

what is parse trees?

Answer 15

third step of NLP- considers semantics of a sentence

Question 16

how do voice recognition systems work?

Answer 16

VR - refers to the combination of hardware and software systems which have the ability to decode a spoken command

its often used to operate devices or execute demands without the need to the use of peripherals such as keyboards or mice

Question 17

what is required in the input of software of voice recognition?

Answer 17

sound card is required

while others such as smartphones have all the necessary hardware built into the system- sometimes specialised software

Question 18

what are the approaches to speech recognition?

Answer 18

pattern matching- they use automated switchboards, user presented with questions Yes/No. the computer will analyse the input from the user and try match it with list of potential sound patterns

pattern and feature analysis- spoken input is recorded on microphone and digested using ADC. compared to a stored dictionary which can be used to identify what user has said

statistic analysis- more complex systems can take a more statistical approach to analysis of speech input- apply rules of grammar

artificial neural networks- scientists are looking at hoe they can be trained through the use of examples to recognise spoken input

Question 19

advantages of NLP

Answer 19

no training required in the use of the application

increases accessibility of the application

if combined with speech recognition it can free users hands to complete other tasks

Question 20

disadvantages of NLP

Answer 20

not all commands will be recognised

applications are complex to create and therefore expensive

background noise

Question 21

advantages of voice recognition

Answer 21

no training is required in the use of the application

accurate spelling of words for users with literacy problems

for those with limited mobility it is more effective method of input

Question 22

disadvantages of voice recognition

Answer 22

prone to interference

user may be required to speak more slowly and louder than normal

may only recognise limited range of voices