Natural Immunity Flashcards
These make up 50-70% of total WBCs
Neutrophils
How many lobes does Neutrophils have?
2-5 lobes
What are the primary granules?
- Myeloperoxidase
- Elastase
- Proteinase 3
- Lysozyme
- Cathepsin G
- Defensins
ME-PL-CD
What are the secondary granules?
- Collagenase
- Lactoferrin
- Lysozyme
- NADPH oxidase
CLLN
What are the tertiary granules?
- Gelatinase
- Plasminogen activator
GP
These are found in separate compartments called lysosomes
Acid hydrolases
Acid hydrolases are found in separate compartment called
Lysosomes
These make up 1-3% of total WBCs
Eosinophils
What are the characteristics of Eosinophils nucleus?
Location: eccentric
Lobes: bilobed
Size: large
Color: orange to red acidophilic granules
Eosinophils are involved in the following:
- Neutralizing basophil and mast cells products
- Killing parasites
- Allergic reactions
These make up less than 1% of total WBCs
Basophils
Basophils contain densely staining ________ granules that ________
Densely staining bluish-purple granules that obscure the nucleus
Neutrophils contain:
Neutral staining granules
When basophils binds with IgE, it leads to
Degranulation
During allergic reactions, basophils release two enzymes
Histamine and Heparin
Basophils life span in the bloodstream
Few hours
It resemble basophils, but are connective tissue cells and are larger, with a small round nucleus and more granules and a longer life
Mast cells
Mast Cells life span in the connective tissue
9-18 months
Mast Cells enzyme content:
- Acid phosphatase
- Alkaline phosphatase
- Protease granules
AAP
Differences of Basophils with Mast Cells
- Basophils - blood, lobed nucleus, few hrs unless IgE binding occurs
- Mast cells - connective tissue, comparatively larger, round nucleus, 9-18 mos.
Similarities of Basophils and Mast Cells
Their functions (which also binds with IgE)
These make up 4-10% of total WBCs
Monocytes
Largest cells in the peripheral blood (PB)
Monophils
Has irregularly folded or horseshoe-shaped nucleus
Monocytes
Monocytes cytoplasm stains ________ with a ________ appearance
Stains dull grayish blue with a ground-glass appearance
Monocyte consists of the following granules:
- Peroxidase
- Acid Phosphatase
- Arylsulfatase
- B-glucuronidase
- Lysozyme
- Lipase
PAA-BLL
*NO alkaline phosphatase (compare to mast cells)
Monocytes becomes ________ once in the tissue
Macrophage
Its cytoplasm has a lace-pattern
Monocytes
Arise from monocytes and contain NO peroxidase
Tissue macrophage
Macrophages have specific names according to their location:
- lungs
- liver
- brain
- connective tissue
- lungs - alveolar macrophage/ dust cells
- liver - kupffer cells
- brain - microglial cells
- connective tissue - histiocytes
Most potent phagocyte
Dendritic cells
Main function of dendritic cells is
Antigen presentation to T cells
Examples of Antigen presenting cells (APC):
Dendritic cells, Monocytes, Macrophages, B cells
DMMB
Describe the process of antigen presentation
Antigens are digested by phagocytes -> phagocytes will process antigens into smaller peptides that they can put in MHC class II -> once helper T cells recognized those peptided in MHC class II, it will secrete cytokines = cytokines will induce other cells to do their functions
Example: helper T cell will release cytokines -> cytokines will induce B cells to produce antibodies
Dendritic cells are classified according to tissue location:
- langerhans cells
- interstitial dendritic cells
- interdigitating dendritic cells
- langerhans cells - skin and mucous membrane
- interstitial dendritic cells - heart, lungs, liver, kidney, GIT
- interdigitating dendritic cells - T cell areas of secondary lymphoid tissue and thymus
