Natural Hazards - Weather Hazards

Question 1

How do tropical storms form?

Answer 1

1.They draw their energy from warm seas water(27’C)
2. Surface water is warm so rises condences into storm clouds
3. Rising air = low presure area which pulls surface winds in from storm edge
4. where vertical wind shear is low the clouds are prevented fom breaking up as they rise
5. storm spins because of the coriolus effecr
6. moving over the ocean energy from warm water strengthens it increasing winspeads.

Question 2

What kind of pressure is found at each line of latitude?

Answer 2

90°N High pressure ↑
60°N Low pressure ↑
30°N High Pressure ↑
Equator Low pressure
30°S High Pressure ↓
60°S Low pressure ↓
90°S High pressure ↓

Question 3

Lists some long-term responses to Typhoon Haiyan?

Answer 3

-$1.5 billion pledged in foreign aid
- build back better scheme building plan
- new storm serge warning system
- Mangrove & coconut trees replanted

Question 4

How does climate change impact the frequency of tropical storms? (Fact)

Answer 4

Oceans will stay at 27°C for longer time somay mean that there are more storms because there is a longer time they can form.
FACT in the Atlantic number of tropical storms has increased each decade.

Question 5

Why does a storm die out?

Answer 5

• when they hit cold water they lose their energy resource and die out
• they pass over land and friction slows them down.

Question 6

What is the Coriolis Effect?

Answer 6

Winds blow from high to low pressure areas.
As the earth rotates it causes winds to bend instead of moving in a straight line. This is the coriolus effect and it causes tropical storms to spin.

Question 7

What extreme hazards occur in the UK? (7)

Answer 7

High winds Snow & Ice
Floods Heat waves
Droughts Hail Fog

Question 8

Advantages, disadvantages of protection for tropical storms.

Answer 8

ADVANTAGE - installed in advance
-reduces building+economic cost
-saves lives
DISADVANTAGE - rely on individuals to protect themself
-cant always afford to reinforce buildings
-needs to be an effective design

Question 9

What is a storm surge?

Answer 9

Is a coastal flood of rising water associated with low pressure systems. Causes most damage in tropical storms. Its and IMPACT not a feature.

Question 10

What were some primary effects of typhoon Haiyan?

Answer 10

-6190 peple died
- US$12 billion damage
- 800,000L oil leak
- 1.1 million tonnes of crops destroyed

Question 11

What are some social effects of extreme weather conditions? (6)

Answer 11

• inabillity to travel
• freezing pipes
• death & injury
• reduce or increase tourism
• building damage
• quality of life decreases

Question 12

Explain the impact on distribution of tropical storms by climate change.

Answer 12

As temperatures rise more areas might be 27° or more so Tropical storms may occur in more areas.

Question 13

What happens at high pressure?

Answer 13

At high pressure cold air sinks because its more dense and moves surface winds away to areas of low pressure.

Question 14

What are high altitude wins called?

Answer 14

Jet streams

Question 15

Which way do tropical storms spin in a) Northern b) southern hemisphere?

Answer 15

a) northern hemisphere, winds bend to the right= anticlockwise spin.
b)southern hemisphere, winds bend to the left = clockwise spin.

Question 16

How does climate change impact the intensity of tropical storms? (Fact)

Answer 16

Higher sea surface temperatures mean more evaporation so more clouds form so more energy so storms are more powerful.
FACT intensity expected to inrease 2-11% by 2100

Question 17

What three things are needed for a tropical storm to form ?

Answer 17

1. warm sea 27°C or more -energy
2. Low pressure - rain
3. Coriolus effect - spinning

Question 18

What was Typhoon Haiyan?

Answer 18

A tropical storm that hit the Philipeans in 2013 catagory 5 saffir-simpson
scale.50% of houses were destroyed and 1.4 million homeless

314km windpeeds, 15m high waves, 400 mm heavy rainfall

Question 19

How will climate change of effect tropical storms?

Answer 19

Frequency
Distrobution
Strength

Question 20

How does latitude affect climate?

Answer 20

The higher the latitude the cooler the temperature. Further away from the equator it gets colder this is because the suns rays are concentrated in a smaller area, at the equator so its warmer. the rays are more spread out the further away and so its colder.

Question 21

What happens at low pressure?

Answer 21

At low pressure warm air rises, cools, condenses to form clouds. Jet streams move/push the cold air both ways at high altitude.

Question 22

Can you predict tropical storms?

Answer 22

Youy CANT predict them but you can predict their path nce they have formed. This is key for evacuation.

Question 23

List some secondary effects of typhoon Haiyan. (4)

Answer 23

• Power supplies cut
• Fearful of starvation, lack of food suplies
• ground and surface water contaminated
• damage to schools, airports and roads

Question 24

What are some economic effects of extreme weather conditions? (4)

Answer 24

• Increase in energy bills (both hot+cold)
• buisnesses forced to close
• loss of income
• (if no insurance) building repais/property replacement

Question 25

Define tropical storms. + Where they are found

Answer 25

An intense low pressure system that forms over tropical waters bringing torrential rain. Found between 5-20°C north and south of the equator but NOT on the equator.

Question 26

What were the immediate responses to typhoon Haiyan? (4)

Answer 26

• 800,000 people evacuated
• 1200 evacuation centers put up
• imposed curfew= no stealing
• emergency aid arrived 3 days later

Question 27

Advantages, disadvantages of prediction for tropical storms.

Answer 27

ADVANTAGE -can evacuate people safely
- can prepare aid& supplies for after
DISADVANTAGE - cant move buildings

Question 28

Advantages, disadvantages of planning for tropical storms.

Answer 28

ADVANTAGES - reduces chaotic response
-preparation (evacuation plan,shelter, suply kit)
DISADVANTAGES - LIC cant afford to stock pile
- people need a good evacuation plan.

Question 29

Advantages, disadvantages of monitoring for tropical storms.

Answer 29

ADVANTAGES - constant track
-advanced warning
-multiple techniques to measure them
decrease risk if people know its happening
DISADVANTAGES - need good communication
- could evacuate unnecicarily.