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Geography Paper 1 > Natural Hazards > Flashcards

Natural Hazards Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a climatic hazard?

A

When’s region has certain weather conditions, such as flooding

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2
Q

What is a tectonic hazard?

A

When the earths crust moves e.g. Volcanic eruptions and earthquakes

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3
Q

What factor can influence the impacts of a natural hazard?

A

Human activities

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4
Q

What hazard can only occur in specific areas?

A

Tornadoes

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5
Q

Which part of the earth is found above the mantle?

A

Crust

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6
Q

What Is the name given to semi molten rock?

A

Magma

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7
Q

What is the name given to the hot underground currents which move plates around?

A

Convection currents are underground movement of magma

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8
Q

What is the name given to margins were plates move together?

A

Destructive

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9
Q

What is the name given to margins were plates move apart?

A

Constructive

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10
Q

What is the name given to margins were plates move side-by-side?

A

Conservative

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11
Q

Name an arc of islands found above hotspots?

A

Hawaii

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12
Q

Where do volcanoes occur?

A

At constructive and destructive plate margins

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13
Q

What is subduction?

A

Well oceanic plate is forced continental plate

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14
Q

Where is Continental crust found?

A

Under landmasses in continents

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15
Q

What is an earthquake?

A

Sudden brief period of intense ground shaking

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16
Q

At which plate margins to find a earthquakes?

A

All three plate margins

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17
Q

What is the point in the earths crust where the earthquake originates known as?

A

Focus

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18
Q

What is the point on the Earth’s surface directly above where the earthquake originates?

A

Epicentre

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19
Q

What piece of equipment measures earthquakes?

A

Seismometer

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20
Q

What is an example of a primary effect?

A

Deaths and injury

21
Q

What is an example of a short-term response?

A

Aid from other countries

22
Q

What is earthquake prediction?

A

Attempts to forecast an earthquake this is very difficult and not very accurate

23
Q

How can buildings be adapted to cope with earthquakes?

A

Rubber shock absorbers fitted to absorb earth tremors

24
Q

How do people prepare for earthquakes?

A

Have drills and educate people on what to do in the event of an earthquake

25
Q

Where are volcanoes found?

A

Along constructive and destructive margins

26
Q

Where do volcanoes cause the most damage?

A

In poorer countries as they have fewer resources to cope

27
Q

Where is the crater found?

A

At the top of the volcano

28
Q

Which part of a volcanic eruption can have a global impact?

A

Ash can have a global impact as it can block sunlight

29
Q

What is a positive effect of a volcanic eruption?

A

Tourism as tourists visit volcanic areas for the dramatic scenery

30
Q

What is a negative effect of a volcano?

A

Damaged buildings

31
Q

What is the characteristic of a composite volcano?

A

Layers of ash and lava

32
Q

What is a characteristic of shield volcano?

A

Found a long constructive margins

33
Q

Give an example of a shield volcano

A

Mauna Loa, Hawaii

34
Q

What is an instrument that helps to monitor volcanoes?

A

Tiltmeter as they measure changes in the landscape

35
Q

What type of pressure system as a tropical storm?

A

A tropical storm is a very powerful low pressure weather systems

36
Q

What is the central part of the tropical storm known as?

A

The eye

37
Q

Tropical storms form when water is at what minimum temperature?

A

27°C

38
Q

When does the tropical storms begin to lose energy?

A

When the storm reaches land

39
Q

How will climate change have an affect on tropical storms?

A

Tropical storms will become more intense and powerful and in more areas as the sea is increasing temperature

40
Q

Name a method that can help track and predict tropical storms?

A

Satellite images

41
Q

Typhoon Haiyan occurred in which area of the world?

A

South east Asia mainly in the Philippines and Vietnam

42
Q

Give a social impact of typhoon haiyan

A

1.9 million people were left homeless

43
Q

What type of weather conditions does a depression bring?

A

Unsettled weather with varied rainfall

44
Q

What type of weather conditions does an anticyclone bring to the UK in the summer?

A

Settled weather, dry and clear skies

45
Q

What is a relief rainfall?

A

When warm moist air from the Atlantic ocean rises up over mountains

46
Q

What is convectional rainfall?

A

It occurs during the summer in the UK, when the Sun heats the land

47
Q

How did the environmental agency help reduce the risk of flooding?

A

They send out flood warnings which help people prepare

48
Q

Since when has that been a rapid increase in global temperatures?

A

The global temperatures have dramatically increased since 1950

49
Q

What can be used to measure changing temperatures over time?

A

Ice core samples as they have trapped air from thousands of years ago

Geography Paper 1 (4 decks)

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