Natural Hazards Flashcards
What is a climatic hazard?
When’s region has certain weather conditions, such as flooding
What is a tectonic hazard?
When the earths crust moves e.g. Volcanic eruptions and earthquakes
What factor can influence the impacts of a natural hazard?
Human activities
What hazard can only occur in specific areas?
Tornadoes
Which part of the earth is found above the mantle?
Crust
What Is the name given to semi molten rock?
Magma
What is the name given to the hot underground currents which move plates around?
Convection currents are underground movement of magma
What is the name given to margins were plates move together?
Destructive
What is the name given to margins were plates move apart?
Constructive
What is the name given to margins were plates move side-by-side?
Conservative
Name an arc of islands found above hotspots?
Hawaii
Where do volcanoes occur?
At constructive and destructive plate margins
What is subduction?
Well oceanic plate is forced continental plate
Where is Continental crust found?
Under landmasses in continents
What is an earthquake?
Sudden brief period of intense ground shaking
At which plate margins to find a earthquakes?
All three plate margins
What is the point in the earths crust where the earthquake originates known as?
Focus
What is the point on the Earth’s surface directly above where the earthquake originates?
Epicentre
What piece of equipment measures earthquakes?
Seismometer
What is an example of a primary effect?
Deaths and injury
What is an example of a short-term response?
Aid from other countries
What is earthquake prediction?
Attempts to forecast an earthquake this is very difficult and not very accurate
How can buildings be adapted to cope with earthquakes?
Rubber shock absorbers fitted to absorb earth tremors
How do people prepare for earthquakes?
Have drills and educate people on what to do in the event of an earthquake
Where are volcanoes found?
Along constructive and destructive margins
Where do volcanoes cause the most damage?
In poorer countries as they have fewer resources to cope
Where is the crater found?
At the top of the volcano
Which part of a volcanic eruption can have a global impact?
Ash can have a global impact as it can block sunlight
What is a positive effect of a volcanic eruption?
Tourism as tourists visit volcanic areas for the dramatic scenery
What is a negative effect of a volcano?
Damaged buildings
What is the characteristic of a composite volcano?
Layers of ash and lava
What is a characteristic of shield volcano?
Found a long constructive margins
Give an example of a shield volcano
Mauna Loa, Hawaii
What is an instrument that helps to monitor volcanoes?
Tiltmeter as they measure changes in the landscape
What type of pressure system as a tropical storm?
A tropical storm is a very powerful low pressure weather systems
What is the central part of the tropical storm known as?
The eye
Tropical storms form when water is at what minimum temperature?
27°C
When does the tropical storms begin to lose energy?
When the storm reaches land
How will climate change have an affect on tropical storms?
Tropical storms will become more intense and powerful and in more areas as the sea is increasing temperature
Name a method that can help track and predict tropical storms?
Satellite images
Typhoon Haiyan occurred in which area of the world?
South east Asia mainly in the Philippines and Vietnam
Give a social impact of typhoon haiyan
1.9 million people were left homeless
What type of weather conditions does a depression bring?
Unsettled weather with varied rainfall
What type of weather conditions does an anticyclone bring to the UK in the summer?
Settled weather, dry and clear skies
What is a relief rainfall?
When warm moist air from the Atlantic ocean rises up over mountains
What is convectional rainfall?
It occurs during the summer in the UK, when the Sun heats the land
How did the environmental agency help reduce the risk of flooding?
They send out flood warnings which help people prepare
Since when has that been a rapid increase in global temperatures?
The global temperatures have dramatically increased since 1950
What can be used to measure changing temperatures over time?
Ice core samples as they have trapped air from thousands of years ago
