Natural Hazards

Question 1

What is the outer shell of the earth known as?

Answer 1

The crust

Question 2

What is the mantle?

Answer 2

A layer of molten rock between the core and the crust.

Question 3

How many main plates are there?

Answer 3

7

Question 4

What are the different segments of the crust known as?

Answer 4

Tectonic plates

Question 5

Why do plates move?

Answer 5

The moment is caused by heat from the core rising through the mantle and moving under the plate. These are called convection currents.

Question 6

What three ways do plates move?

Answer 6

1. Towards each other (destructive margin)- also called CONVERGING MARGIN.
2. Away from each other (constructive margin)
3. Past each other (conservative margin)

Question 7

What is subduction?

Answer 7

When two plates meet and bend down towards the mantle.

Question 8

What happens when two plates meet?

Answer 8

The continental plate buckles up to give fold mountains.

Question 9

What is it called when two plates meet and bend down towards the mantle?

Answer 9

Subduction

Question 10

What is the crater?

Answer 10

A funnel shaped hollow at the top of a volcanic cone.

Question 11

What is the vent?

Answer 11

The pipe through which the molten rock reaches the surface.

Question 12

What is a magma chamber?

Answer 12

A store of molten rock deep inside the earth.

Question 13

What are volcanic bombs?

Answer 13

Lumps of molten rock that solidify as they fall.

Question 14

What is a lava flow?

Answer 14

A flow of lava running down a volcano.

Question 15

What are secondary cones?

Answer 15

Cones that form if the main vent is blocked and the magma is forced to the surface by another route.

Question 16

What is lahar?

Answer 16

A rapidly flowing mixture of rock debris and water- a volcanic mudflow.

Question 17

What is magma?

Answer 17

Molten or partially molten rock beneath the earth’s surface.

Question 18

What is pyroclastic flow?

Answer 18

A ground hugging avalanche of hot ash, gas and rock fragments that rushes down the volcano as fast as 100 km/hour - the temperature within the flow may be over 500 degrees Celsius.

Question 19

What is a volcano?

Answer 19

A vent in the earth’s surface through which magma and associated gases erupt,and over time, a cone is built up by successive eruptions. Volcanoes may vary in size and steepness of slope. One famous example is the shield volcano with broad gentle slopes built by eruptions of fluid lava.

Question 20

What is a seismograph?

Answer 20

An instrument for measuring earthquakes.

Question 21

What is a seismogram?

Answer 21

A reading from the seismograph which shows the energy from the earthquake and how it’s made the earth move vertically and horizontally.

Question 22

What is the richter scale?

Answer 22

The richter scale is an instrument used to measure the force of an earthquake. It’s measured on a scale of 1-10. From 1-2,2-3,3-4,4-5 etc. each number is 10x more powerful than the previous.

Question 23

What are the 6 evaluation criteria for news sources?

Answer 23

Author
Accuracy- Has the report team researched with facts and figures?
Coverage- are all parts of the story covered?
Currency- Up to date?
Bias- Are all opinions represented?
Structure and Language

Question 24

Name 7 broadcasting strategies.

Answer 24

Live feed- Broadcasting live from the location?
Pre-recorded material
On-location report
On-screen graphics
Presenter/anchor
Language
Interviews

Question 25

What is the epicentre?

Answer 25

The point directly above where an earthquake happened.

Question 26

What is the hypocentre?

Answer 26

The exact location of where the earthquake happened.