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Geography > Global Citizens > Flashcards

Global Citizens Flashcards

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1
Q

What is world population distribution?

A

‘World Population Distribution’ refers to the spread of people across the planet. This distribution is not even but is very uneven. This means parts of our world are sparsely populated and others are densely populated.

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2
Q

What are the 4 main sparsely populated areas?

A

Deserts, rain forests, mountains and polar areas.

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3
Q

Why are deserts sparsely populated?

A 
Lack of water
Too dry
Too hot of a climate 
Fierce winds and sandstorms
Little soil for crops to grow
Sand makes communications difficult
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4
Q

Why are rain forests sparsely populated?

A 
Too hot for people
Too wet for people
Rainforest infertile, corrosive soil
Communications and settlement difficult
Dangerous
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5
Q

Why are mountains sparsely populated?

A 
Too cold
Thin air
Bad for communication
Steep slopes are bad for settlement
Poor thin soil
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6
Q

Why are polar areas sparsely populated?

A 
Too cold
Permanent day of night
No soil
Communications difficult
Vastness
Settlement difficult
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7
Q

Name 6 densely populated areas.

A 
Japan
Eastern china
South East China
Nile Valley/Delta
North West Europe
North-East USA
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8
Q

Name 4 reasons for high population density?

A
  1. Less extreme climates
  2. Flatter land- often close to the sea
  3. Fertile soils e.g. the flood plains of the world
  4. Areas of industrial activity and urban settlement e.g. North West Europe and NOrth East USA.
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9
Q

What is internal migration?

A

Internal migration is people moving within a country- this does NOT change the country’s population size.

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10
Q

What is international migration?

A

International migration is people moving between countries and will change population size. It is therefore very important to know thr balance between those entering (IMMIGRATION) and those leaving (EMMIGRATION).

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11
Q

When did world population reach 7 billion?

A

2011

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12
Q

What was the world population in 1800?

A

1billion

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13
Q

What are the tree biggest populated countries in the world?

A
  1. China
  2. India
  3. United states
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14
Q

What 4 factors contribute to population size?

A

Birth rate
Death rate
Immigration
Emmigration

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15
Q

What factors contribute to a high birth rate?

A

Rural population
Children needed for work
High levels of infant deaths

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16
Q

What factors contribute to a high death rate?

A

Short life expectancy

Large elderly population

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17
Q

What factors contribute to a falling/low birth rate?

A 
Artificial methods of contraception
Later marriage
Urban population
Desire for more material possessions
Emancipation of women
Compulsory education
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18
Q

What factors contribute to a low/falling death rate?

A 
Clean water supply
Public health acts of parliament
Vaccinations agains infectious disease
Improved hospital care
Sewage system
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19
Q

What is the crude birth rate?

A

Birth or crude birth rate(CBR)- the number of births is given by the crude birth rate. This figure tells us for every thousand people in a countries population how many babies are added per year. E.g. 40/1000/YR (High)
9/1000/YR (Low)

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20
Q

What is the crude death rate?

A

Death or crude death rate (CDR) is given exactly the same as th birth rate except it tells us how many people die per year. E.g. 40/1000/YR (high)
9/1000/YR (low)

21
Q

What does development indication refer to?

A

The world is divided in to two groups i.e. MEDCs and LEDCs. To help us decide which group a country belongs, we need to look at a series of figures known as development indicators.

22
Q

What are the two types of development indicators?

A

Social indicators, economic indicators and composite indicators.

23
Q

What is life expectancy?

A

The average number of years that a person can expect to live from birth.

24
Q

What is adult literacy?

A

The percentage of people, aged 15 and over, who can read and write.

25
Q

What is energy consumption?

A

The amount of fuel used by each person, calculated in kilograms of oil equivalent.

26
Q

What is the population growth rate?

A

Calculate by subtracting the Crude Death Rate from the Crude Birth Rate. It also takes into account migration, and is given as a percentage figure.

27
Q

What is the infant mortality rate?

A
  1. The number of deaths of children under one year old per 1000 live births.
28
Q

What is % access to clean water?

A

The percentage of the population which has a unpolluted water supply from a tap or well within a reasonable distance.

29
Q

What is the % population urbanised?

A

The percentage of the total population which lives in cities and towns.

30
Q

What is the % workforce in agriculture?

A

The percentage (%) of the total population which lives in cities and towns.

31
Q

What is the % of children with primary education?

A

The percentage or children aged 6-11 years old enrolled in a primary school.

32
Q

What are economic indicators?

A

The best known economic indicator is Gross National Income (GNI).

33
Q

What are social indicators?

A

For a country to be developed it must have more than a wealthy economy- It’s population must have a good quality of life. We decide this by looking at social indicators.

34
Q

What are composite indicators?

A

The indicator combines economic and social figures to give one overall score. A well known composite indicator is the Human Development Index(HDI) which ranges from 0-1 with 1 being the best score.

35
Q

What is water footprint?

A

Water footprint is the term used when referring to how much water is used in the process of making the finished product or item.

36
Q

What is malaria?

A

Malaria is a potentially fatal blood disease caused by a parasite. This parasite is transferred through the salivary glands of the female anopheles mosquito and is transferred when bitten. It is a serious endemic in many countries.

37
Q

How is malaria spread?

A

Malaria is spread by female Mosquitos. The parasite which causes malaria is found in the female anopheles mosquito’s saliva. When a person is bitten, the parasite enters the bloodstream via the Mosquitos saliva. However, there are also other ways malaria can be spread. Blood transfusions, from mother to baby and a contaminated needle.

38
Q

What is the RBM?

A

The roll back Malaria campaign is an organisation that hops to destroy Malaria once and for all, so no-one has to live with the burden of it.

39
Q

What are some of the symptoms of malaria?

A

Chills, headache, fever, sweating, muscle aches, tiredness, a dry cough and vomiting.

40
Q

Approximately how many people die from malaria each year?

A

2.5 million

41
Q

Where are Mosquitos usually found?

A

In the tropics, where there are warm temperatures and standing water.

42
Q

Name some ways malaria can be prevented.

A

Bed nets
Taking certain pills
Applying bug spray to body
Covering arms and legs

43
Q

What is trade?

A

Trade is the exchange of goods between countries.

44
Q

What do MEDCs mainly export?

A

Manufactured goods.

45
Q

What do LEDCs mainly produce?

A

Primary goods I.e. farming, fishing, forestry, mining.

46
Q

Why does trade favour MEDCs?

A

The price for primary goods is low and fluctuating but the price of manufactured goods is high and increasing. LEDCs cannot make a profit through trade and in fact trade loss.

47
Q

Why was the fairtrade foundation set up?

A

To garuntee a better deal for third world products.

48
Q

What rules must fairtrade farmers obey?

A

The farmers must :-
Grow their produce in an environmentally friendly way.
Provide decent working conditions e.g. No child labour. They can then trade directly with countries in the MEDCs which must pay them a fair price for their work.

Geography (2 decks)

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