Natural Hazards Flashcards
What is a Natural Hazard
An event not caused by men to people. E.g. Volcanic eruption, earthquake, landslide
Examples of Natural Hazards
Tsunami
Volcanic Eruptions (Ashfall)
Landslide
Flood
Hurricane
Tornado
What is a natural disaster
Occurs when the hazard has a huge impact on people and is too serious for the community of affected to cope with on their own
What is the Crust
A solid layer of rock on the surface
What is the Mantle
A semi molten layer of rock. Contains some molten liquid rock called magma
What is the outer core
The liquid part of the core which was a similar composition to the inner core
What is the inner core
The solid part of the centre of the earth it is made of iron and nickel and has temps reaching 5500 degrees
What are plate tectonics
The earths crust is divided into a number of large sections called plates. Those plates fit together like a jigsaw. Some plates are mainly the crust on which the land sits which are known as continental plates. Other places are mainly the crust known as oceanic plates. Very slowly the plates are moving because of convection currents.
The convection currents cause plates to move toward each other. The plate boundaries where you find the majority of the worlds earthquakes and volcanoes
What happens when two plates move together diagram
- Oceanic plate
- Continental Plate
- Oceanic plate bends down into mantle, this is subduction
- Plate is unable to withstand stress may break
- Plant directly above the break is known as epicentre
- A huge amount amount of energy
- When magma reaches the surface it fuels a volcanic eruption
- Convection Current
- Mantle
- The continental plate buckles up to form fold mountains
- Ocean + rench
A volcano is
An opening in the earths crust that allows magma, hot ash and gases to escape
A volcanic eruption is created when
magma reaches the earths surface
Active meaning volcano
Erupts frequently
Dormant meaning volcano
The volcano is not erupting but should erupt again
Extinct meaning volcano
The volcano is not expected to erupt again
Magma Chamber Volcano
Reservoir underground where magma is stored
Vent meaning volcano
An opening in the earths crust where molten lava and gases escape
Crater meaning volcano
Bowl shaped hollow produced by volcanic
Secondary vent volcano
A smaller vent coming out the side of the volcano
Lava flow volcano meaning
Magma that has reached the surface and flows over land
Volcanic bombs meaning
Fragments of magma ejected into the air during eruption
Ash cloud meaning
Tiny particles blasted into the air by volcanic eruptions may form this
Steam and gas
Released out a vent or crater may be harmful to atmosphere
Main types of media
TV
Radio
News
Newspaper
Social Media
Movies
Bias means
means that a person prefers an idea and possibly does not give equal chance
to a different idea i.e. opinions take over from facts. The person’s opinions will then
influence how they report a story, especially if they wish to persuade people to their
point of view. This means that one story may be reported quite differently in various
newspapers.
When was the major Tokyo earthquake and state
Depth:
Magnitude:
Number recorder in the year after quake (aftershocks):
How did it happen:
2011
Depth:18.6 miles
Magnitude: 9.0
Number recorder in the year after quake (aftershocks): 900
How did it happen: Thrust faulting on the subduction zone plate boundary between pacific and north America
