Native Americans Flashcards
When were the Plains Wars?
1862-1867
What were the Plains Wars?
A series of conflicts between Natives and the United States as settlers moved West
What was Manifest Destiny?
The idea that it was the god given right of white Americans to move west and claim land
When was the battle of Little Bighorn?
1876
Why was the Battle of Little Bighorn Significant?
It is significant because it saw the defeat of Custer and his men, leading to outrage among White Americans
What was the Homestead Act?
It provided Settlers with 160 acres of land, they would get this for free if they farmed it for 5 years
When was the Homestead act introduced?
1862
When was the Dawes Act introduced?
1887
What was the Dawes Act?
The Dawes act created allotments for Native Americans families to live on
Why was the Dawes Act siginifcant?
It ended the communal nature of native tribes and prevented migration, it also forced Natives to farm. First major assimilation attempt
When was the Massacre at Wounded Knee?
1890
How many died at Wounded Knee?
300 Lakota Natives
What caused the Massacre at Wounded Knee?
The US army attempted to arrest Sitting Bull, but killed him in the process afterwards a fight broke out
When was the Curtis Act introduced?
1898
What did the Curtis Act do?
It weakened Native culture by abolishing tribal courts and subjecting all Natives to Federal Law
When was the Muskogee Convention?
1905
What was the Muskogee Convention
An attempt by Native Americans to create the state of Sequoyah in Oklahoma, with it own elected delegates
What was the Muskogee Convention
An attempt by Native Americans to create the state of Sequoyah in Oklahoma, with it own elected delegates
Was the Muskogee Convention successful?
No
When was the Society of American Indians established?
1911
What did the SAI aim to do?
It aimed to advance the civil rights of Native Americans and promote Pan-Indianism, placing collective unity over tribal loyalty
What did the SAI aim to do?
It aimed to advance the civil rights of Native Americans and promote Pan-Indianism, placing collective unity over tribal loyalty
When was the Indian Citizens Act introduced?
1924
What did the Indian Citizens Act do?
It granted US citizenship to Natives but the majority still could not vote
When was the Indian Reorganisation Act?
1934
What did the Indian Reorganisation Act do?
it provided Natives funds to repurchase lands, abolished the allotment system, provided excess lands to the tribes, reestablished tribal courts
Did the Indian Reorganisation Act have any meaningful change?
Not really, some tribes outright rejected the measures because they required secret ballots to be made. Also, funding was cut due to WW2
When was the National Congress of American Indians founded?
1944
What did the NCAI do?
They applied pressure to the federal government to resist policies of assimilation and termination
When was the policy of termination introduced?
Termination was introduced 1953
What did the policy of Termination do?
It cut all funding to Native Americans, dissolved their local governments and relocated them into Urban areas. In attempt of destroying culture
Was Termination successful?
Not really, whilst forcing Natives into urban areas and forcing them to live the American lifestyle, some natives grouped again in Ghettos to protect their traditions
What were the consequences of Termination?
Native Americans were pushed into poverty and fell subject to both alcholism and substance abuse
When was the American Indian Movement founded?
1968
What did AIM want to do?
it wanted to combat systemic racism, poverty and brutality
What is AIM also known as?
Red Power
Where was AIM founded?
Minneapolis
When was the siege of Alcatraz?
1969
What happened at the siege of Alcatraz
Richard Oaks led 89 Natives to occupy Alcatraz protesting Native American oppression and violation of treaties
What was Onieda V. Oneida and Madison Counties, New York?
Successful Native Supreme Court Case in relation to land ownership
What was Lone Wolf V. Hitchcock?
Described Natives as wards of the nation, thus they should not have rights
When was Lone Wolf V. Hitchcock?
1903
What was Fisher V. Montana?
A Court Case that resulted in cases regarding Native adoption being passed to Tribal Courts
When was Fisher V. Montana?
1976
