Native Ameicans

Question 1

Westward expansion

Answer 1

1865 white settlers encouraged to populate Great Plains where NA lived

Question 2

Battle of Little Bighorn

Answer 2

1876
Reduced land of great Sioux

Question 3

Fort Laramie treaty

Answer 3

1868
Sioux tribe

Question 4

Wounded knee

Answer 4

1890
Sioux starving Indians 200 killed

Question 5

Navajo tribe

Answer 5

1867 relocated to 4 mill acres of reservation land
15,000 sheep and goats from gov grown to 1.7 mill
Their lands grew to 10.5 mill acres and population grew to 22,000

Question 6

Dawes act

Answer 6

1887
Of the 150 mill reservation land only 78 mill remained
Got ownership of land and citizenship
Many couldn’t farm land got into debt and sold to whites - unable to deal w money then
Land to male vs their matriarchy

Question 7

Curtis act

Answer 7

1898
Termination of rights of 5 tribes to be self governing

Question 8

Muskogee convention

Answer 8

1905
Conference of 5 tribe to discuss constitution for separate state of sequoyah
Their lands become under this instead

Question 9

By 1900 how many Indians who inhabited plains in 1965 were left

Answer 9

100,000 of 240,000

Question 10

Lone wolf v Hitchcock

Answer 10

1903
Powered gov to revoke all treaties made with NA tribes
And Not citizens of the United States, and therefore had no rights

Question 11

Society of American Indians SAI

Answer 11

1911
50 educated Indian men’s Dm women joined to form
Inter tribal pressure group to improve education and health care
Limited and shortage of funds to challenge discrimination in courts and lack of support from Indians and collapsed by 1920s
Divisions internally in it most for assimilation some not

Question 12

Ww1
Assimilation ?

Answer 12

10,000 men faught with whites
Women worked outside reservations
Some families sponsored to move out reservations and work in defence industries

Question 13

Indian citizenship act

Answer 13

1924
This citizenship not their goal part of assimilation but looks like a good outcome of ww1
All could vote

Question 14

Harrison v. Laveen

Answer 14

1948
2 NA rights been violated when not allowed to register to vote
Court decided in favour tho but some states still restricted voting rights of Indians with qualifications

Question 15

American Indian defender association AIDA

Answer 15

1923
Campaigned for laws protecting the rights of Indians and to there lands beliefs cultures traditions and arts and crafts
John collier
Success - Blocked bursam and leavitt bills

Question 16

Leavitt bill

Answer 16

1921 and 23
Dance order
Prohibited right of pueblo Indians from performing dances

Question 17

Bursam bill

Answer 17

1921
Pueblo Indians lost land as incapable of managing it according to Supreme Court

Question 18

Meriam report

Answer 18

1928
Forced assimilation bleak picture
Condemned allotment policy of Dawes act

Question 19

New Indian commissioner appointed in response to Mariam report

Answer 19

Hoover appointed Charles rhoads
To reform things suggested in report
Boarding Schools shut and improved medical

Question 20

Great Depression impact

Answer 20

1929
Hoover increased fed aid to improve their lives still and continued during Roosevelt

Question 21

Wheeler Howard act / Indian new deal

Answer 21

1934
Indian reorganisation act
Indians to have more influence and involvement in administration of reservations but their rights to practice their own religion and assert cultural identity protected
Curtailed sale of Indian lands to individual buyers and land lost between 1900-30 restored to tribes to expand reservations
Due to John collier as commissioner for Indians affairs
But limited as assimilation commitment continued, fed funds not sufficient to buy back all land and NA unsure on full self determination as afraid of losing land earned again
But culture populations health education all improved overall

Question 22

National congress of American Indians NCAI

Answer 22

1944 outcome of ww2
NA united
To end reservations
Challenge discrimination in employment
Unequal education
And breaking out treaties
Beginning of Indian protest movement

Question 23

1948 what did the bureau of Indian affairs do

Answer 23

Set up job placement centres in major cities in the west for off reservation Indians - become urbanised

Question 24

Indian claims commission(icc)

Answer 24

1946-78
Congress set up
Means which they would regain the lands given to them in treaties earlier
But little help as more gave financial compensation rather than the return of land
Continuity in gov policy as further assimilation

Question 25

Termination

Answer 25

1953
Ended recognition of the existence of tribes and treaty rights and recognised them as independent self supporting Americans. Ended fed control of bureau of Indian affairs and Indians subject to same laws and rights as all other Americans
Set to end reservations and advertised comfortable housing and devises outside reservations with a voluntary relocation programme established

Question 26

Indian vocational training act

Answer 26

1956
Intended to improve employment prospects if Indians by providing work related training
Fed funded for those that applied

Question 27

End of termination

Answer 27

1968
Negative affects
Highest rates of illiteracy, of disease and unemployment and poorest accommodation
Nixon ends

Question 28

The forgotten Americans

Answer 28

1968
L. Johnson promotes Indian self help and respect
Funded programme of education for children all ages
Provided better quality homes with sanitation and legal aid to help them understand there rights

Question 29

Urbanisation

Answer 29

By 1960
60,000 left reservations to cities
Traumatic only some women ok due to marrying whites and they had more job opportunities in clerical field

Question 30

Affirmative action benefits

Answer 30

1968 Johnson and continued by Nixon 70s
Prohibited discrimination of ethnicity to jobs in fed funded enterprises

Question 31

1960s situation

Answer 31

25% classified as poor
40-70 % forced to move back to reservations as poor housing in towns
500,000 Lands lost in Oregon and Wisconsin tribes

Question 32

National Indian youth council

Answer 32

1961
Protest against injustices experienced by Indians
More militancy grew

Question 33

War on poverty

Answer 33

Johnson’s
1964 100s gathered in Washington DC to recognise
60s saw unite in protest
And frustration w NCAI slow action thro courts

Question 34

Red power

Answer 34

1968 protest stronger
As long as the grass shall grow song and see brown raised awareness of NA in book
Fish in held after state sc failed to uphold their treaty rights to fish in Washington
AIM established the most militant organisation against discrimination against the young Na and patrolled streets in red berets monitoring police activity which decreased arrest of a young

Question 35

Siege of Alcatraz

Answer 35

1969
14 occupied former prison land of Alcatraz which used to belong to ohlone Indians
Led by Richard Oakes and nordwell
Offered gov 24 dollars for it and when refused 80 joined island
Ended 1971 after receiving media coverage and led to further occupying of fed lands and disobeying fishing regulations

Question 36

8 th July 1970

Answer 36

Nixon presidential message to congress criticised treatment of NA since mid 19th c
Ended termination which was criticised and ne form policy made