African Americans Flashcards
1865-77
Reconstruction
1865-1895(1900)
Gilded age
Emancipation proclamation
1862
13th amendment
1865- all slaves freed
Civil war ended
1865
Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
14th April 1865
Andrew Johnson president
After Lincoln 1865
14 th amendment
1868 ratified
All freed black slaves their us citizenship and equal protection under the law
15th amendment
- Forbade the denial of the vote to any man in the basis of colour, race or previous conditions of servitude
Civil rights act that was confirmed by 14th amendment
1866- asserted all races citizens except NAs
Military reconstruction act
1867- divided south into military districts
Radical republicans
Thaddeus stevens and Charles sumner
How many men enrolled to vote from reconstruction era
Over 70,000 men now enrolled to vote
How many blacks in north who moved from south
Less than 5% of north pop until after 1877
Sat in senate from 1875-81
Blanche k. Bruce
Freedman’s bureau
1865- set up by fed gov
To support free slaves
Head was Oliver Howard
1890 situation of education in south
65% of black children in south u able to write compared to 15% unable of whites
Freedman’s bureau closed
1872
South Carolina’s freedmen’s convection 1865
Freed slaves summarised their wants 1865
Slaughterhouse case
1873 - rights of citizens should stay under state law rather than federal courts
Black codes
1865/6
Negro is 1/8 th black blood
Interracial relationships outlawed
Barred form giving evidence against white person or serving on juries
Segregated schools, couldn’t vote
Ku klux klan
1865- enforce separation of races
1867 asserted whites had superiority over other races
Democrats dominated south until
1860s when Johnson a democrat ironically ended it
2nd Civil rights act
1875 but declared unconstitutional 1883
Us v Cruikshank
1876 - white men who killed 70 AA freed by sc as enforcement act empowered fed officers to take action against states not individuals
Hates Tilden Compromise
1877- hates won but democrats would only accept if promised to withdraw troops from the south
Boll weevil damaged cotton crop
I’m southern states 1892
1910 how many blacks owned their land
25% of black farmers
1900 how many AAs lived in the south
90% - 1% less than 1870
First black ghetto developed
In Harlem New York 1880s
Jim Crow laws
8 southern states introduced formal legislation on trains and 3 states also in waiting rooms 1887-91
Just enforced school secretion laws from 1860-70s
Please v Ferguson
1896 - racial segregation of railway carriages constitutional and led to segregation for all forms of life legally
Separate but equal
How was elimination of AAs voting done and by when
1910
Poll tax
Property qualifications
Literacy tests
Primaries
Grandfather clauses
Mississippi v Williams
1898 - poll tax constitutional and didn’t breach 14th amendment
Southerner Democrat Wilson came to office when ? And his impact
1912- dismissed all black advisors form fed gov and discussions with T. washington as previously held with Roosevelt and Taft ended
Height of lynching
1880-1910
National association of coloured women
- Ida b wells continued her message in this
Booker t Washington institute
1881 Tuskegee
Emphasis on literacy and numeracy and practical skills
Atlanta speech
1895- Washington argues emphasis fro blacks shouldn’t be on voting or social equality but on education and economic opportunity
Washingtons negro business league organised in ?
1900
1901 Washington started to get criticised tho as unequal social life getting worse
Washington as black leader
1895-1905
Niagra movement
1905
Bu bois and trotter
Wanted to campaign for voting rights and abolish discrimination
Vs Washington
What did the nights movement lead to
NAACP
National association for the advancement of coloured people
1909
Triggered by a riot at Springfield , Illinois 1908
Guinn v us
1915 grandfather clauses outlawed in state constitutions in Oklahoma and Maryland
1st time sc on blacks side
National urban league
1911
Inspired by NAACP
Welfare for Northern cities blacks
No impact south
African Americans in congress ? 1915
No
