Nations and Empires

Question 1

1876- Serbian Wars

Answer 1

Ottoman Empire vs. Serbi and moNTENEGRO FOR BULGARIA AND BOSNIA.- Indpependence of Romania, Serbia and Montenegro.

Question 2

Russian foreign policy

Answer 2

southern expansion to gain access to the hot sea (crimean war 1856)
mission to defend the slavs
Cold War with Britain (over Afghanistan, Persia and Tibet)

Question 3

British foreign policy objectives vis-à-vis Russia

Answer 3

1. preserving the Ottoman Empire
2. British involvement in the middle-east
3. Keeping Afghanistan loyal (1838 war)
4. Crimean wars

Question 4

Unification of iTALY

Answer 4

Radicals (Mazzini ecc.) vs. Piedmontese élite.
Italy needed to have and empire to be a powerful nation
Albanisa, Lybia and Ethiopia

Question 5

Unification of Germany

Answer 5

1. Schleswig-Hollstein (1854)
2. Austro-Prussian war (Koniggratz)- 1866- Give up Venetia
3. Franco-Prussian war 1870

Question 6

German nation-building

Answer 6

Fear of international coalitions
bolding of a powerful military
building of an empire
cultural unity (kultukampf-against socialists, Catholics, minorities)

Question 7

Figes

Answer 7

broths policy to preserve the Russian navy gaining access to the mediterranean+securing Afghanistan and Persia.

Question 8

Judson

Answer 8

decline of Habsburg influence in the Balkans

Question 9

Mack Smith

Answer 9

Italy’s unification (need to find and imperial stature)

Question 10

Clark

Answer 10

unification of Germany and rise as an industrial and military power

Question 11

Hover

Answer 11

Bismarck’s policies