nationalism westrn europe

Question 1

Austro-German tradition,

Answer 1

Continued to cultivate the solo song with piano accompaniment, the symphony and symphonic poem and opera,

Question 2

gustav mahler 1860-1911

Answer 2

Leading austro-german composer of symphonies after Brahms and Bruckner,
* Formed friendship with Hugo wolf and Bruckner in Vienna
* Appointed director of the Vienna opera in 1897, converting to Catholicism.
* Composed 9 symphonies, leaving the 10th unfinished.
* Five multimovement movements works for voice with orchestra or piano,
* Revised, retouched often,
* Influences the next generation – Schoenberg, berg and Webern,

Question 3

symphonies of mahler

Answer 3

• Extended symphony as a bold personal statement, “constructing the world.”
• Symphonies conveying a story, convey a sense of life,
• Slow introduction of his first sym, sustaining a note in seven octaves, sense of space,
• Drew on the styles and rhythm of Austrian folk songs and dances, using them at times to suggest his urban audience’s nostalgia for rural areas and simpler times,
• Symphonies have a program, for the first four, he wrote detailed,

Question 4

richard straus 1864-1949

Answer 4

Richard Strauss 1864-1949
* Bursts into the 20th century with a second career as an opera composer
* Dominant figure in German musical life for most of his long career, which spread across two centuries and two diff eras,
* Like Mahler, he mastered the medium of the orchestra and made his reputation as both a conductor and a composer.
* Became obsessed with Wagner’s style, disappointed his family by pursuing romantic style music,

Question 5

strauss opera

Answer 5

salome and don quixote

Question 6

gabriel faure

Answer 6

Refined music of Gabriel Faure
* embodies the qualities of the French tradition,
* Held posts as an organist and founder of national society for French music,
* Wrote music in large forms, Requiem an opera but was primarily a composer of songs of piano music,
* Composing songs in manner of Gounod, lyrical melody,
* New style in which melodic lines are fragmented and harmony becomes much less directional,

Question 7

Giacomo Puccini 1858-1924

Answer 7

The son of church organist and composer, chose to focus on opera,
* Highly personal style blends Verdi’s focus on vocal melody with elements of Wagner’s approach,
* Notably the use of recurring melodies or leitmotivs
* Diff styles and harmonic worlds to suggest his diverse characters, such as improvised artists,

Question 8

Amy beach

Answer 8

• Born in Henniker, New Hampshire in 1867
• Is an American composer and pianist,
• One of the most important/prominent American composers of her time,
• First ever American woman to have a symphony performed by a major orchestra,
• Child prodigy,