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Psychology > National Crime/patterns/theory/laws > Flashcards

National Crime/patterns/theory/laws Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a self report survey

A

Subjects report their own experience

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2
Q

Crime trends

A

Violent crime has decline
Marijuana use amongst teenagers is rising
Ecstasy was becoming less popular now on the rise
Alcohol use heavy drinking is down

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3
Q

Factors influencing crime trends

A

Age structure more kids, more crimes
Immigration decreases acts as a suppressor they don’t want commit less crime.
Unemployment no effect on crime
Abortion decrease since legalized abortion
Gun availability depends on legal vs. illegal guns.
Gangs 800,000 members in the U.S. MS13

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4
Q

Ncvs

A

National crime victimization survey

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5
Q

What are factors that influence crime trends(part 2)

A
  1. Drug use rise in violent (crime from 1985-1993) (more crime related to drug trafficking)(rise in gangs)
  2. Media more media exposure of violent crimes inspired very little effect raises
  3. Medical technology lower murder rates
  4. Justice policy lower crime rates
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6
Q

What is ecological patterns what are the 2 type areas

A

Rural and suburban

Where the person lives or there area

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7
Q

Where is most crime committed which ones have less

A

West and south more crime

Mid west and New England less crime

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8
Q

What are gender patterns and what gender is the most highly septeble to crime what is the ratio of crime

A

Female and male
Patterns committed by a man or woman
Ratio: 3 male offenders:1 female offender or 4:1
Males commit more crime

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9
Q

Why do males commit more crime

A

Males are stronger and better able to commit crime
Hormonal differences
Girls socialized to be less violent
Males have more parental freedom/ girls have more parental control

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10
Q

What are racial patterns

A

One race does more crime than another
African Americans are 14% of general population but account for 39% of part 1 of violent crimes and 30% of property crimes

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11
Q

Why is blacks more prone to crime

A

System racism: racial profiling, most patrols in minority neighborhoods
Institutional racism:unfair social order, schools, government
Structural racism: traditionally,serrated minorities

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12
Q

What are social class patterns

A

The more increase in poverty and social disorganization comes an increase of crime rate

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13
Q

Why social class patterns

A

Lack of economic resources leads to higher stress, which then leads to crime
Family structure has crumbled

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14
Q

Where are the higher crime rates,why, and what is the term for this

A

In poor neighborhoods that are near rich neighborhood, because there going to be jealous, relative deprivation

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15
Q

What is the broken window hypothesis

A

The deteriorated do community’s attract criminal activity

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16
Q

What are age patterns, what is the age area for crime

A

The age of crime usually, the youth

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17
Q

What is the peak age for violent crime and property crime

A

Violent: 18
Property: 16

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18
Q

Why is there age patterns

A 
Culture 
Risk taking 
Selfish thinking
Immaturity
Limited financially 
Energy, time, and strength 
Juvenile justice on youth
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19
Q

What are career patterns: coronic offenders

A

Someone who frequently and persistently commits serious
crime account for 50% or more of serious crime
Arrest and punishment typically won’t does not defer them

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20
Q

What are juveniles

A

Arrested 5 or more times before 18 and who will probably become an adult crime.

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21
Q

How much does it occur victim patterns

A

About 21 million crime victimizations occur /year

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22
Q

What gender is more likely to be Vic. Of robbery and aggravated assault what gender is most likely to be a Vic. Of sexual assault

A

Me are of robbery and assault

Women are of sexual assault

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23
Q

Who is the 2/3rds of attacks against women

A

Husband,family member or aquantince or boyfriend

24
Q

Age patterns

A

Young people more at risk
Reduces significantly after 25
People 65 and older=14% of population
But account for 1% of violent crime victems
Teens 12-19= 14% of population account for 30%

25
Q

Who in marital status is victems

A

Unmarried/never married are more likely to be victimized
They tend to be young
Widows are usually older therefore not as likely

26
Q

What race is more victims in race

A

African Americans are more likely to be victims of violent crime

27
Q

Ecological patterns

A 
Large urban areas,experience most crime
6pm-6am most crime time
Open public areas not safe
Public school building not safe
10% of 12-19 are victimized on school grounds
DO NOT BE ALONE AT NIGHT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Weapons don't matter
28
Q

Victim offender relationship patterns

A

50% of all violent crime are committed by strangers
Women are more likely victimized by acquaintances majority of female assault victims know their assailant
Single offender over age of 20
25% say offender was between 12-20
Whites are offender in single offender rapes
Multi-offender robberies =AA

29
Q

What is rational choice theory

A

They weigh pros and cons then make rational choice to commit crime
They are motivated criminals

30
Q

What is Bio-social theory

A

Elements in the environment ( family,friends,community factors) interact with biological(hormones,chemical makeup,genetics)

31
Q

Give some biochemical factors that go with bio-social theory

A

Mineral deficiencies
Hormones
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Alcohol drug abuse

32
Q

Give neurological factor for Bio-social theory

A

Chemicals in brain

Ex. ADHD

33
Q

Genetic factors for biosocial theory

A

Inherited disorders

Violence

34
Q

What is psychodynamic theory

A

Criminals are driven by unconscious thought patterns that developed in childhood and affect rest of their lives
Crime is a result of oppression and oppressed feelings

35
Q

Behavioral/social learning theory

A

People learn and are taught to commit crime

Modeled behavior

36
Q

Cognitive theory

A

Lack of ability to think through behavior.
Distorted view of the world
Does not take responsibility for behavior

37
Q

What is social structure theory

A

A person’s place in society affects criminality
Poor people commit crime
Culture of poverty

38
Q

What is Strain theory

A

People have unequal opportunities

Circumstances force criminal behavior

39
Q

Cultural deviance theory

A

Combines social structure and strain theory
Unequal opportunities has helped to develop a culture of poverty
Committing crime is a way to fit in.
Ex. Gang activity

40
Q

What is social process theory

A

Persons behavior is shaped by their social relationships
Criminal activity is a result of poor social relationships
Born good learn to be bad

41
Q

What is social conflict theory

A

Behavior shaped by interpersonal conflict
We fight social and political battles on a personal level this leads to crime
Economic and political factors are what cause crime

42
Q

What is developmental theory

A

Disruptions in major life transitions cause crime
Ex. Young child forced to take care of their siblings (parent role)
Family dysfunction
Developed antisocial behavior as a young child

43
Q

What is substantive criminal law

A

Branch of law that defines crime and punishment
Goals- in force social control,distribute retribution,express public opinion and morality, deter criminal behavior,punish wrong doing,maintain social order, restoration

44
Q

What is procedural law

A

Basic rules of practice for government and criminal justice system
Criminal procedures: laws regarding,evidence,law of arrest,law of search and seizure,court proceeding,etc.

45
Q

What is civil law

A

Governs relations between private parties.
Contracts,wills,trust all fall under this law
Torts: personal injury or wrong doing sought for damages

46
Q

What is public law

A

Deals with state or government and its relationships with individuals

47
Q

What is lex talionis

A

Law of retaliation
Latin
“Eye for an eye”

48
Q

What is substantive criminal law

A

Branch of law that defines crime and punishment
Goals- in force social control,distribute retribution,express public opinion and morality, deter criminal behavior,punish wrong doing,maintain social order, restoration

49
Q

What is procedural law

A

Basic rules of practice for government and criminal justice system
Criminal procedures: laws regarding,evidence,law of arrest,law of search and seizure,court proceeding,etc.

50
Q

What is civil law

A

Governs relations between private parties.
Contracts,wills,trust all fall under this law
Torts: personal injury or wrong doing sought for damages

51
Q

What is public law

A

Deals with state or government and its relationships with individuals

52
Q

What is lex talionis

A

Law of retaliation
Latin
“Eye for an eye”

53
Q

What is substantive criminal law

A

Branch of law that defines crime and punishment
Goals- in force social control,distribute retribution,express public opinion and morality, deter criminal behavior,punish wrong doing,maintain social order, restoration

54
Q

What is procedural law

A

Basic rules of practice for government and criminal justice system
Criminal procedures: laws regarding,evidence,law of arrest,law of search and seizure,court proceeding,etc.

55
Q

What is civil law

A

Governs relations between private parties.
Contracts,wills,trust all fall under this law
Torts: personal injury or wrong doing sought for damages

56
Q

What is public law

A

Deals with state or government and its relationships with individuals

57
Q

What is lex talionis

A

Law of retaliation
Latin
“Eye for an eye”

Psychology (12 decks)

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