Criminal Justice Flashcards
What was the first police in America
1838 Boston
Where did America get there police department
Britain
The control of ones behavior through societal and institutional forces
Social control
What are 3 main C.J. Agency
- Law enforcement agencies- investigate and apprehend
- Court agencies- prosecute
- Correctional facility agency- house and monitior criminals
The system of law enforcement,adjacent,and correction.
Criminal justice system
Various sequential criminal justice stages through which the offender passes
Criminal justice process
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Law enforcement
An offenders initial contact with criminal justice system takes place result of a police action
Initial contact
The purpose of the criminal investigation is to gather sufficient evidence to identify a suspect
Investigation
An arrest is considered legal when all of the following conditions exist:
Officer believes theirs sufficient evidence (probable cause)
Officer the individual of freedom
Suspect believes that he is now in the custody of the police
To make an arrest in a misdemeanor, the officer must have witnessed the crime personally, a provision known
In presence requirement
After arrest the police may wish to search for evidence, conduct an interrogation,or even encourage a confession
Custody
If the arresting officers or their superiors believe that sufficient evidence exists to charge a person with a crime, the case will be turned over to prosecutors office
Charging
The U.S. constitution mandates that before a trial can take place, that the accused must first prove probable cause that the accused committed the crime for which he is being charged
Preliminary hearing/grand jury
In about half the states, a decision is made by this
Grand jury
If prosecution can present sufficient evidence the grand jury will issue this
True bill of indictment
Formal charges will be read,defendant informed of rights,initial plea,trial date set, bail issued
Arraignment
Money bond levied to ensure the return of a defendant to trial
Bail
If their is no bail/ can not afford it
Then the defendant will spend the pre-trial time in jail
Prosecution and defense try to make a deal prior to the trial
Plea bargaining
Criminal trial or bench trial prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt,
Trial/adjudication
What is it when a jury can’t reach a decision trial does not continue up to prosecution
Deadlock
After trial and if found guilty the defendant will return to court for sentencing
Sentencing/dispusition
What does sentencing disposition include?:
Fines Probation Community service Incarcination Death penalty
Defense can ask the Judge for a re-trial if they feel the jury has made a mistake
Appeal/post-conviction remedies
Officially go to correctional system
Correctional treatment
What are the correctional system
Prison
Parole
Probation
Upon completion of required sentence, the criminal is free
Release
Parole, may be required to spend time in a rehab facility
Post-release
