Nat5 Biology Unit 2 Multicellular Organisms Key Area 5 Transport Systems - Plants

Question 1

What are the plant organs?

Answer 1

Roots
Stems
Leaves

Question 2

A leaf structure diagram contains…

Answer 2

Upper Epidermis
Palisade Mesophyll
Spongy Mesophyll
Vein (consisting of xylem and phloem)
Lower Epidermis
Guard Cells
Stomata

Question 3

What are the Xylem vessels and what is their function?

Answer 3

They are dead cells, and are used to transport water and dissolved solutes

Question 4

What is Phloem and what is it’s function?

Answer 4

It’s made of living cells, and it transports sugars

Question 5

How do water and minerals move through the plant?

Answer 5

Water and minerals enter the plant through the root hairs and are transported in dead Xylem vessels (via osmosis) , to the stem and leaves for transpiration

Question 6

Structure of the Xylem vessels

Answer 6

Thick, cellulose cell walls strengthened by lignin rings or spirals (to withstand the pressure changes as water moves through the plant), water moves via osmosis from the soil through root cells

Question 7

How does water travel to the Xylem vessels?

Answer 7

Via Root Cells which are covered in hairs to increase the surface area and therefore increase the speed at which water can be transported into the roots

Question 8

Structure of the Phloem Tissue

Answer 8

Living cells with end walls that have pores. The activity of each sieve plate element is controlled by a companion cell, Sugar is transported from where it is made to where it is needed (shoot and root tips and storage areas)

Question 9

The process of Transpiration

Answer 9

The process of water moving through a plant and its evaporation through the Stomata

Question 10

What effects the rate of Transpiration?

Answer 10

Wind Speed - Increase the rate
Humidity - Decrease the rate
Higher Temperature - Increases the rate
Big Surface Area - Increases the rate