Nat5 Biology Unit 2 Multicellular Organisms Key Area 6 Transport Systems - Animals

Question 1

What is blood made up of?

Answer 1

Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells
Platelets (aid in blood clotting)
Plasma (watery, straw-colored fluid)

Question 2

What is Plasma?

Answer 2

It makes up about 55% of the blood

It carries nutrients,oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 3

What is the function of the Red Blood Cells, and what adaptions do they have to meet these functions?

Answer 3

To transport oxygen around the body

They have no nucleus so they can carry more haemoglobin (which carries oxygen)
They have a bio-concave shape so they have a bigger surface area for oxygen to pass through

Question 4

What is the oxygen-saturated haemoglobin called and what is the word equation?

Answer 4

Oxyhaemoglobin

Oxygen + haemoglobin —>oxyhaemoglobin

Question 5

What exactly do White Blood Cells do?

Answer 5

They are part of the immune system

They are involved in detecting and destroying pathogens.

Question 5

What are Pathogens?

Answer 5

Disease-causing micro-organisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi)

Question 7

What are the two types of White Blood Cells?

Answer 7

Phagocytes

Lymphocytes

Question 8

What do Phagocytes do?

Answer 8

They carry out Phagocytosis by engulfing , breaking down, and digesting pathogens.

Question 9

What do Lymphocytes do?

Answer 9

They produce antibody proteins which destroy pathogens.
Each antibody is specific to a particular pathogen. Antibodies attach to pathogens with a complementary shape and attract phagocytes to come to engulf and digest the pathogen

Question 10

Each antibody is…

Answer 10

Specific to a particular pathogen

Question 11

What are the four chambers of the heart?

Answer 11

Right Atria
Right Ventricle
Left Aria
Left Ventricle

Question 12

What is the path blood takes in the body?

Answer 12

The (deoxygenated) blood travels through the Vena Cava to the Right Atria then the Right Ventricle.
The blood travels to the capillary bed in the Lungs through the Pulmonary Artery, where the (oxygenated) blood is carried to the Left Atria and the Left Ventricle through the Pulmonary Vein.
It is then transported to capillary beds in other organs of the body.

Question 13

What do Arteries and Veins do?

Answer 13

Arteries carry blood away from the heart

Veins carry blood to the heart

Question 14

Aorta (Artery)

Answer 14

Transports blood from the Left Ventricle to the Body Tissues

Oxygenated

Question 15

Vena cava (Vein)

Answer 15

Transports blood from the Body Tissues to the Right Atrium

Deoxygenated

Question 16

Pulmonary artery (Artery)

Answer 16

Carries blood from the Right Ventricle to the Lungs

Deoxygenated

Question 17

Pulmonary vein (Vein)

Answer 17

Carries blood from the lungs to the Left Atrium

Oxygenated

Question 18

Coronary Artery (Artery)

Answer 18

Carries blood from the Aorta to the Cardiac Tissue

Question 19

Coronary Vein (Vein)

Answer 19

Carries blood from the Cardiac Tissue to the Vena Cava

Deoxygenated

Question 20

All Arteries carry Oxygenated blood except…

Answer 20

The Pulmonary Artery

Question 21

Blood flows away from the heart in —called — and through — in the tissues and back to the — through —

Answer 21

Blood flows away from the heart in BLOOD VESSELS called ARTERIES and through CAPILLARIES in the tissues and back to the HEART through VEINS

Question 22

Arteries have -

Answer 22

• Thick, muscular walls
• A narrow central channel
• Carry blood under high pressure from the heart

Question 23

Veins have -

Answer 23

• Thinner walls
• A wider channel
• Carry blood under low pressure back towards the heart

Question 24

Veins contain — to prevent — of blood

Answer 24

Veins contain VALVES to prevent BACKFLOW of blood

Question 25

Capillaries are — and have a — ,

forming networks at — and — to allow —-

Answer 25

Capillaries are THIN WALLED and have a LARGE SURFACE AREA,

forming networks at TISSUES and ORGANS to allow EFFICIENT EXCHANGE OF MATERIALS