Nat5 Biology Unit 2 Multicellular Organisms Key Area 6 Transport Systems - Animals Flashcards
What is blood made up of?
Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells
Platelets (aid in blood clotting)
Plasma (watery, straw-colored fluid)
What is Plasma?
It makes up about 55% of the blood
It carries nutrients,oxygen and carbon dioxide
What is the function of the Red Blood Cells, and what adaptions do they have to meet these functions?
To transport oxygen around the body
They have no nucleus so they can carry more haemoglobin (which carries oxygen)
They have a bio-concave shape so they have a bigger surface area for oxygen to pass through
What is the oxygen-saturated haemoglobin called and what is the word equation?
Oxyhaemoglobin
Oxygen + haemoglobin —>oxyhaemoglobin
What exactly do White Blood Cells do?
They are part of the immune system
They are involved in detecting and destroying pathogens.
What are Pathogens?
Disease-causing micro-organisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi)
What are the two types of White Blood Cells?
Phagocytes
Lymphocytes
What do Phagocytes do?
They carry out Phagocytosis by engulfing , breaking down, and digesting pathogens.
What do Lymphocytes do?
They produce antibody proteins which destroy pathogens.
Each antibody is specific to a particular pathogen. Antibodies attach to pathogens with a complementary shape and attract phagocytes to come to engulf and digest the pathogen
Each antibody is…
Specific to a particular pathogen
What are the four chambers of the heart?
Right Atria
Right Ventricle
Left Aria
Left Ventricle
What is the path blood takes in the body?
The (deoxygenated) blood travels through the Vena Cava to the Right Atria then the Right Ventricle.
The blood travels to the capillary bed in the Lungs through the Pulmonary Artery, where the (oxygenated) blood is carried to the Left Atria and the Left Ventricle through the Pulmonary Vein.
It is then transported to capillary beds in other organs of the body.
What do Arteries and Veins do?
Arteries carry blood away from the heart
Veins carry blood to the heart
Aorta (Artery)
Transports blood from the Left Ventricle to the Body Tissues
Oxygenated
Vena cava (Vein)
Transports blood from the Body Tissues to the Right Atrium
Deoxygenated
Pulmonary artery (Artery)
Carries blood from the Right Ventricle to the Lungs
Deoxygenated
Pulmonary vein (Vein)
Carries blood from the lungs to the Left Atrium
Oxygenated
Coronary Artery (Artery)
Carries blood from the Aorta to the Cardiac Tissue
Coronary Vein (Vein)
Carries blood from the Cardiac Tissue to the Vena Cava
Deoxygenated
All Arteries carry Oxygenated blood except…
The Pulmonary Artery
Blood flows away from the heart in —called — and through — in the tissues and back to the — through —
Blood flows away from the heart in BLOOD VESSELS called ARTERIES and through CAPILLARIES in the tissues and back to the HEART through VEINS
Arteries have -
- Thick, muscular walls
- A narrow central channel
- Carry blood under high pressure from the heart
Veins have -
- Thinner walls
- A wider channel
- Carry blood under low pressure back towards the heart
Veins contain — to prevent — of blood
Veins contain VALVES to prevent BACKFLOW of blood
Capillaries are — and have a — ,
forming networks at — and — to allow —-
Capillaries are THIN WALLED and have a LARGE SURFACE AREA,
forming networks at TISSUES and ORGANS to allow EFFICIENT EXCHANGE OF MATERIALS
