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Biology > Nat 5 Unit 1 > Flashcards

Nat 5 Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Animal cell has

A

Cytoplasm, cell membrane, Nucleus, Mitochondria, ribosomes

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2
Q

Plant cell has

A

Cell wall, vacuole, chloroplasts, nucleus , cell membrane, ribosomes

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3
Q

Fungal cell has

A

Nucleus , cell wall, ribosomes, DNA, mitochondria, cell membrane

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4
Q

Bacteria cell has

A

Flagellum, nucleus , cytoplasm, cell wall, plasmid, DNA

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5
Q

What is diffusion

A

The move to OF substances/molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration down a concentration gradient

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6
Q

What is osmosis

A

The movement of water from a high concentration to a low concentration down a concentration gradient across a selectively permeable membrane

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7
Q

What is active transport

A

The movement of molecules from a low to high concentration going up a concentration gradient using energy

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8
Q

What would happen if a red blood cell was in pure water

A

Burst

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9
Q

What would happen if a red blood cell was in a high salt concentration

A

Would shrivel up

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10
Q

Stages of mitosis

A

Duplicate, lines up , separates , divides

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11
Q

What does mitosis produce when the cell divides ?

A

2 identical daughter cells

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12
Q

What are proteins made up of

A

21 amino acids

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13
Q

What dictates the order of amino acids in a protein

A

The genetic code

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14
Q

Where does protein synthesis take place

A

The ribosomes

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15
Q

Name 2 uses of proteins

A

Enzymes , structural (hair muscle bones)

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16
Q

What can enzymes work on

A

One substrate

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17
Q

What are enzymes known as

A

Specific

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18
Q

If an enzyme goes above or below optimum temperature what does it become

A

Denatured

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19
Q

What does synthesis mean

A

Build up

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20
Q

What does degradation mean

A

Break down

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21
Q

The plasmid is

A

The circular price of DNA in bacteria host organism

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22
Q

DNA carries

A

The genetic code that determines the characteristics of a living thing

23
Q

Name the bases

A

Adenine,thymine,guanine,cytosine

24
Q

What base pairs with one another

A

A with T and G with C

25
DNA molecule is made of tiny subunits called
Nucleotides
26
What does Mrna do
Carries the code from protein out of the nucleus
27
Where are proteins synthesised
The active site
28
Used of genetic engineering
Insulin , antibiotics, enzymes
29
Advantage of genetic engineering
Lots of the substance can be produced quickly and economically in a labarotaor
30
What is photosynthesis
Process involving the capture of light energy from sun that is trapped by chlorophyll
31
Photosynthesis equation
Co2+water -> light energy and chlorophyll =glucose and oxygen
32
Green plants make their own food using ?
Light energy
33
What makes the plant cell wall
Celluose
34
What is stage 1 of photosynthesis
Photolysis | This is where the energy from the sun is trapped to split water molecules into hydrodynamic and oxygen
35
What is stage 2 of photosynthesis
Carbon fixation stage | This is where the energy and hydrodgen from stage 1 are used along with Co2 and glucose molecules are produced
36
Limiting factors of photosynthesis
Light intensity, co2 concentration,temperature
37
What is respiration
The breakdown of glucose in living cells using o2 to release energy co2 and hudrodgen are waste materials
38
Equation for respiration
Glucose + oxygen -> ATP-> co2&h20
39
Where does the energy come from in respiration
Food
40
Cells need energy to
Undergo protein synthesis and go through mitosis
41
Adp + PI =
ATP
42
Pi stands for
Organic phosphate
43
Every 1 glucose in a cell produces
38 taps
44
Aerobic respiration step 1
Glycolysis , involves breakdown of 6 carbon glucose to form 2 3 carbon oyruvates
45
How many ATPS produced in stage 1 of Aerobic Respiration
2
46
Step 2 of aerobic respiration
Oxygen requiring stage | The pyruvate from glycolysis diffuses into the mitochondrian
47
How many ATPS in the second stage of Aerobic respiration
36 ATP
48
What else is realeased in stage 2 of Aerobic resperation
Co2 and water
49
Does anaerobic respersation require oxygen
No
50
When would anaerobic respiration occur in humans
After vigorous exercise
51
What is the puruvate from anerobic respiration converted to in plants and fugal cells
Ethanol and CO2
52
What is the pyruvate in anaerobic respiration converted to in animal or bacterial cells
Lactic acid
53
There was no change in a dead organism but a change in a live organism when they were out int aka and left for four days the temperature stayed the same in dead and rised in alive why is this
As they are undergoing respiration and releasing energy in the form of heat but the dead one is no longer alive so not respiring

Biology (4 decks)

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