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Biology > Nat 5 Unit 1 > Flashcards

Nat 5 Unit 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Animal cell has

A

Cytoplasm, cell membrane, Nucleus, Mitochondria, ribosomes

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2
Q

Plant cell has

A

Cell wall, vacuole, chloroplasts, nucleus , cell membrane, ribosomes

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3
Q

Fungal cell has

A

Nucleus , cell wall, ribosomes, DNA, mitochondria, cell membrane

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4
Q

Bacteria cell has

A

Flagellum, nucleus , cytoplasm, cell wall, plasmid, DNA

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5
Q

What is diffusion

A

The move to OF substances/molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration down a concentration gradient

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6
Q

What is osmosis

A

The movement of water from a high concentration to a low concentration down a concentration gradient across a selectively permeable membrane

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7
Q

What is active transport

A

The movement of molecules from a low to high concentration going up a concentration gradient using energy

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8
Q

What would happen if a red blood cell was in pure water

A

Burst

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9
Q

What would happen if a red blood cell was in a high salt concentration

A

Would shrivel up

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10
Q

Stages of mitosis

A

Duplicate, lines up , separates , divides

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11
Q

What does mitosis produce when the cell divides ?

A

2 identical daughter cells

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12
Q

What are proteins made up of

A

21 amino acids

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13
Q

What dictates the order of amino acids in a protein

A

The genetic code

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14
Q

Where does protein synthesis take place

A

The ribosomes

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15
Q

Name 2 uses of proteins

A

Enzymes , structural (hair muscle bones)

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16
Q

What can enzymes work on

A

One substrate

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17
Q

What are enzymes known as

A

Specific

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18
Q

If an enzyme goes above or below optimum temperature what does it become

A

Denatured

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19
Q

What does synthesis mean

A

Build up

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20
Q

What does degradation mean

A

Break down

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21
Q

The plasmid is

A

The circular price of DNA in bacteria host organism

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22
Q

DNA carries

A

The genetic code that determines the characteristics of a living thing

23
Q

Name the bases

A

Adenine,thymine,guanine,cytosine

24
Q

What base pairs with one another

A

A with T and G with C

25
Q

DNA molecule is made of tiny subunits called

A

Nucleotides

26
Q

What does Mrna do

A

Carries the code from protein out of the nucleus

27
Q

Where are proteins synthesised

A

The active site

28
Q

Used of genetic engineering

A

Insulin , antibiotics, enzymes

29
Q

Advantage of genetic engineering

A

Lots of the substance can be produced quickly and economically in a labarotaor

30
Q

What is photosynthesis

A

Process involving the capture of light energy from sun that is trapped by chlorophyll

31
Q

Photosynthesis equation

A

Co2+water
-> light energy and chlorophyll
=glucose and oxygen

32
Q

Green plants make their own food using ?

A

Light energy

33
Q

What makes the plant cell wall

A

Celluose

34
Q

What is stage 1 of photosynthesis

A

Photolysis

This is where the energy from the sun is trapped to split water molecules into hydrodynamic and oxygen

35
Q

What is stage 2 of photosynthesis

A

Carbon fixation stage

This is where the energy and hydrodgen from stage 1 are used along with Co2 and glucose molecules are produced

36
Q

Limiting factors of photosynthesis

A

Light intensity, co2 concentration,temperature

37
Q

What is respiration

A

The breakdown of glucose in living cells using o2 to release energy co2 and hudrodgen are waste materials

38
Q

Equation for respiration

A

Glucose + oxygen -> ATP-> co2&h20

39
Q

Where does the energy come from in respiration

A

Food

40
Q

Cells need energy to

A

Undergo protein synthesis and go through mitosis

41
Q

Adp + PI =

A

ATP

42
Q

Pi stands for

A

Organic phosphate

43
Q

Every 1 glucose in a cell produces

A

38 taps

44
Q

Aerobic respiration step 1

A

Glycolysis , involves breakdown of 6 carbon glucose to form 2 3 carbon oyruvates

45
Q

How many ATPS produced in stage 1 of Aerobic Respiration

A

2

46
Q

Step 2 of aerobic respiration

A

Oxygen requiring stage

The pyruvate from glycolysis diffuses into the mitochondrian

47
Q

How many ATPS in the second stage of Aerobic respiration

A

36 ATP

48
Q

What else is realeased in stage 2 of Aerobic resperation

A

Co2 and water

49
Q

Does anaerobic respersation require oxygen

A

No

50
Q

When would anaerobic respiration occur in humans

A

After vigorous exercise

51
Q

What is the puruvate from anerobic respiration converted to in plants and fugal cells

A

Ethanol and CO2

52
Q

What is the pyruvate in anaerobic respiration converted to in animal or bacterial cells

A

Lactic acid

53
Q

There was no change in a dead organism but a change in a live organism when they were out int aka and left for four days the temperature stayed the same in dead and rised in alive why is this

A

As they are undergoing respiration and releasing energy in the form of heat but the dead one is no longer alive so not respiring

Biology (4 decks)

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