Enzymes And Genetic Engineering Flashcards
Enzymes are …….
Biological catalysts
Enzymes are made of ?
Protein
What do enzymes do?
Speed up chemical reactions and remain unchanged
The two types of reactions?
1- Degradation 2-synthesis
What does the term specific mean ?
Specific means that only one enzyme fits one substrate e.g starch-Amylase
The shape of the active site is …..
Complementary to the substrate
What is the best condition for an enzyme to work??
Optimum conditions
Factors which affect enzyme activity ??
Tempature and PH
What happens if an enzyme is exposed to extreme heat or PH
It becomes denatured
What happens when an enzyme is denatured ??
The active sites shape changes and therefor the enzyme cannot fit it’s substrate
In extreme temperature what happens to the activity
The activity decreases
Steps on genetic engineering
- genes cut out of human chromosomes using enzymes
- cute plasmid using enzymes
- place gene into plasmid
- insert plasmid to host bacteria cell
- bacteria multiply
- remove and purify product
One example of a hormone that is made through genetic engineering
Human growth hormone
Another example of something genetic engineering can make
Insulin
2 advantages of genetic engineering
- large quantities produced
- produced much quicker
