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NASM Prep 2019 > NASM Vocabulary Deck > Flashcards

NASM Vocabulary Deck Flashcards

Learn Vocal for NASM

1
Q

A-Band

A

The region of the sarcomere where myosin filaments are predominantly seen with minor overlap of the actin filaments

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2
Q

Adbuction

A

A movement in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body

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3
Q

Acceleration

A

When a muscle exerts more force than is being place on it. The muscle will shorten, also known as concentric contraction or force production.

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4
Q

Acidosis

A

The accumulation of excessive hydrogen that causes increased acidity of the blood and muscle

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5
Q

Actin

A

One of the 2 major myofilaments, actin is the tin filament that acts along with myosin to produce muscular contraction.

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6
Q

Action Potential

A

Nerve impulse that allows neurons to transmit information

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7
Q

Active Flexibility

A

The ability of agonists and synergists to move a limb through the full range of motion while their functional antagonist is being stretched.

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8
Q

ACtive-Isolated Stretch

A

The process of using agonists and synergists to dynamically move the joint into a range of motion.

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9
Q

Acute Variables

A

Important components that specify how each exercise is to be performed.

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10
Q

Adaptive

A

capable of changing for a specific use.

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11
Q

Abbuction

A

Movement in the frontal plane back toward the midline of the body.

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12
Q

Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP)

A

A high energy compound occuring in all cells from which adenosine triphosphate (ATP ) is formed.

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13
Q

Advanced Stage

A

The second stage of the dynamic pattern perspective theory, when learners gain the ability to alter and manipulate the movements more efficiently to adapt to enviornmental changes.

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14
Q

Aerobic

A

Activities requring oxygen.

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15
Q

Afferent Neurons

A

Also known as sensory neurons - they gather incoming sensory information from the environment and deliver it to the central nervous system

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16
Q

Agility

A

The ability to accelerate, decelerate, stabilize, and change direction quickly while maintaining
proper posture

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17
Q

Agonist

A

Muscles that are the primary movers in a joint motion. Also known as prime movers.

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18
Q

Alarm Reaction

A

The first stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS), the initial reaction
to a stressor

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19
Q

Altered Reciprocal Inhibition

A

The concept of muscle inhibition, caused by a tight agonist, which inhibits its functional antagonist.

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20
Q

Amortization Phase

A

The electromechanical delay a muscle experiences in the transition from eccentric (reducing force and storing energy) to concentric (producing force) muscle action

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21
Q

Anaerobic

A

Activities that do not require oxygen

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22
Q

Anaerobic Threshold

A

The point during high-intensity activity when the body can no longer
meet its demand for oxygen and anaerobic metabolism predominates; also called lactate
threshold

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23
Q

Anatomic Locations

A

Refers to terms that describe locations on the body

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24
Q

Anatomic Position

A

The position with the body erect with the arms at the sides and the palms
forward. The anatomic position is of importance in anatomy because it is the position of reference
for anatomic nomenclature. Anatomic terms such as anterior and posterior, medial and
lateral, and abduction and adduction apply to the body when it is in the anatomic position

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25
Annual Plans
Generalized training plan that spans 1 year to show when the client will progress between phases
26
Antagonist
Muscles that act in direct opposition to agonists (prime movers)
27
Anterior (or Ventral)
On the front of the body
28
Aortic Seminlunar Valve
Controls blood fl ow from the left ventricle to the aorta going to the entire body
29
Appendicular Skeleton
Portion of the skeletal system that includes the upper and lower extremities
30
Arteries
Vessels that transport blood away from the heart
31
Arterioles
Small terminal branches of an artery, which end in capillaries
32
Arteriosclerosis
A general term that refers to hardening (and loss of elasticity) of arteries
33
Arthritis
Chronic inflammation of the joints
34
Arthrokinmatics
1. Joint motion. 2. The motions of joints in the body
35
Arthrokinetic Dysfunction
The neuromuscular phenomenon that occurs when a joint dysfunction inhibits the muscles that surround the joint
36
Articular (Hyaline) Cartilage
Cartilage that covers the articular surfaces of bones
37
Articulation
Junctions of bones, muscles, and connective tissue at which movement occurs. Also known as a joint
38
Assessment
A process of determining the importance, size, or value of something
39
Association Stage
Fitt's second stage in which learners become more consistent with their movement with practice
40
Arthersclerosis
1. Clogging, narrowing, and hardening of the body's large arteries and medium-sized blood vessels. Atherosclerosis can lead to stroke, heart attack, eye problems, and kidney problems. 2. Buildup of fatty plaques in arteries that leads to narrowing and reduced blood fl ow
41
Atmospheric Pressure
Everyday pressure in the air
42
Artrioventricular (AV) Node
A small mass of specialized cardiac muscle fi bers, located in the wall of the right atrium of the heart, that receives heartbeat impulses from the sinoatrial node and directs them to the walls of the ventricles
43
Atrioventricular Valves
Allow for proper blood flow from the atria to the ventricles
44
Atrium
The superior chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins and forces it into the ventricles
45
Augmented Feedback
Information provided by some external source such as a fitness professional, videotape, or a heart rate monitor
46
Autogenic Inhibition
The process by which neural impulses that sense tension are greater than the impulses that cause muscles to contract, providing an inhibitory effect to the muscle spindles
47
Autonomous Stage
Fitt's third stage of motor learning in which the learner has refi ned the skill to a level of automation
48
Axial Skeleton
Portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column
49
Axion
A cylindric projection from the cell body that transmits nervous impulses to other neurons or effector sites
50
Backside Mechanics
Proper alignment of the rear leg and pelvis during sprinting, which includes ankle plantarfl exion, knee extension, hip extension, and neutral pelvis
51
Balance
1. The ability to sustain or return the body's center of mass or line of gravity over its base of support. 2. When the body is in equilibrium and stationary, meaning no linear or angular movement
52
Ball-and-Socket Joint
Most-mobile joints that allow motion in all three planes. Examples would include the shoulder and hip
53
Basal Ganglia
A portion of the lower brain that is instrumental in the initiation and control of repetitive voluntary movements such as walking and running
54
Beta-oxidation (b-oxidation)
``` The breakdown of triglycerides into smaller subunits called free fatty acids (FFAs) to convert FFAs into acyl-CoA molecules, which then are available to enter the Krebs cycle and ultimately lead to the production of additional ATP ```
55
Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve
Two cusps control the blood fl ow from the left atrium to the left ventricle
56
Bioenergetic Continuum
Three main pathways used by the kinetic chain to produce ATP
57
Bioenergetics
The study of energy in the human body
58
Biomechanics
1. A study that uses principles of physics to quantitatively study how forces interact within a living body. 2. The science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces
59
Bipenniform Muscle Fibers
Muscle fibers that are arranged with short, oblique fibers that extend from both sides of a long tendon. An example would be the rectus femoris
60
Blood
Fluid that circulates in the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins, carries nutrients and oxygen to all parts of the body, and also rids the body of waste products
61
Blood Lipids
Also known as cholesterol and triglycerides, blood lipids are carried in the bloodstream by protein molecules known as high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL)
62
Blood Vessels
Network of hollow tubes that circulates blood throughout the body
63
Bones
Provide a resting ground for muscles and protection of vital organs
64
Bracing
Occurs when you have contracted both the abdominal, lower back, and buttock muscles at the same time
65
calorie
The link between the sensory and motor nerves coming from the brain to the body and vice versa
66
Calorie
The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1°C
67
Capillaries
The smallest blood vessels, and the site of exchange of chemicals and water between the blood and the tissues
68
Carbohydrates
1. Organic compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, which include starches, cellulose, and sugars, and are an important source of energy. All carbohydrates are eventually broken down in the body to glucose, a simple sugar. 2. Neutral compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (such as sugars, starches and cellulosses), which make up a large portion of animal foods
69
Cardiac Muscle
Heart Muscle
70
Cardiac Output (Q-)
Heart rate × stroke volume, the overall performance of the heart
71
Cardiorespiratory Fitness
The ability of the circulatory and respiratory systems to supply oxygen rich blood to skeletal muscles during sustained physical activity
72
Cardiorespiratory System
A system of the body composed of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems
73
Cardiorespiratory Training
Any physical activity that involves and places stress on the | cardiorespiratory system
74
Cardiovascular Control Center (CVC)
Directs impulses that will either increase or decrease | cardiac output and peripheral resistance based on feedback from all structures involved

NASM Prep 2019 (2 decks)

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