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NASM Prep 2019 > NASM Vocabulary Deck > Flashcards

NASM Vocabulary Deck Flashcards

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1
Q

A-Band

A

The region of the sarcomere where myosin filaments are predominantly seen with minor overlap of the actin filaments

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2
Q

Adbuction

A

A movement in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body

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3
Q

Acceleration

A

When a muscle exerts more force than is being place on it. The muscle will shorten, also known as concentric contraction or force production.

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4
Q

Acidosis

A

The accumulation of excessive hydrogen that causes increased acidity of the blood and muscle

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5
Q

Actin

A

One of the 2 major myofilaments, actin is the tin filament that acts along with myosin to produce muscular contraction.

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6
Q

Action Potential

A

Nerve impulse that allows neurons to transmit information

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7
Q

Active Flexibility

A

The ability of agonists and synergists to move a limb through the full range of motion while their functional antagonist is being stretched.

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8
Q

ACtive-Isolated Stretch

A

The process of using agonists and synergists to dynamically move the joint into a range of motion.

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9
Q

Acute Variables

A

Important components that specify how each exercise is to be performed.

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10
Q

Adaptive

A

capable of changing for a specific use.

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11
Q

Abbuction

A

Movement in the frontal plane back toward the midline of the body.

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12
Q

Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP)

A

A high energy compound occuring in all cells from which adenosine triphosphate (ATP ) is formed.

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13
Q

Advanced Stage

A

The second stage of the dynamic pattern perspective theory, when learners gain the ability to alter and manipulate the movements more efficiently to adapt to enviornmental changes.

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14
Q

Aerobic

A

Activities requring oxygen.

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15
Q

Afferent Neurons

A

Also known as sensory neurons - they gather incoming sensory information from the environment and deliver it to the central nervous system

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16
Q

Agility

A

The ability to accelerate, decelerate, stabilize, and change direction quickly while maintaining
proper posture

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17
Q

Agonist

A

Muscles that are the primary movers in a joint motion. Also known as prime movers.

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18
Q

Alarm Reaction

A

The first stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS), the initial reaction
to a stressor

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19
Q

Altered Reciprocal Inhibition

A

The concept of muscle inhibition, caused by a tight agonist, which inhibits its functional antagonist.

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20
Q

Amortization Phase

A

The electromechanical delay a muscle experiences in the transition from eccentric (reducing force and storing energy) to concentric (producing force) muscle action

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21
Q

Anaerobic

A

Activities that do not require oxygen

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22
Q

Anaerobic Threshold

A

The point during high-intensity activity when the body can no longer
meet its demand for oxygen and anaerobic metabolism predominates; also called lactate
threshold

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23
Q

Anatomic Locations

A

Refers to terms that describe locations on the body

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24
Q

Anatomic Position

A

The position with the body erect with the arms at the sides and the palms
forward. The anatomic position is of importance in anatomy because it is the position of reference
for anatomic nomenclature. Anatomic terms such as anterior and posterior, medial and
lateral, and abduction and adduction apply to the body when it is in the anatomic position

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25
Q

Annual Plans

A

Generalized training plan that spans 1 year to show when the client will progress
between phases

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26
Q

Antagonist

A

Muscles that act in direct opposition to agonists (prime movers)

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27
Q

Anterior (or Ventral)

A

On the front of the body

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28
Q

Aortic Seminlunar Valve

A

Controls blood fl ow from the left ventricle to the aorta going to the
entire body

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29
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

Portion of the skeletal system that includes the upper and lower extremities

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30
Q

Arteries

A

Vessels that transport blood away from the heart

31
Q

Arterioles

A

Small terminal branches of an artery, which end in capillaries

32
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

A general term that refers to hardening (and loss of elasticity) of arteries

33
Q

Arthritis

A

Chronic inflammation of the joints

34
Q

Arthrokinmatics

A
  1. Joint motion. 2. The motions of joints in the body
35
Q

Arthrokinetic Dysfunction

A

The neuromuscular phenomenon that occurs when a joint dysfunction
inhibits the muscles that surround the joint

36
Q

Articular (Hyaline) Cartilage

A

Cartilage that covers the articular surfaces of bones

37
Q

Articulation

A

Junctions of bones, muscles, and connective tissue at which movement occurs. Also known as a joint

38
Q

Assessment

A

A process of determining the importance, size, or value of something

39
Q

Association Stage

A

Fitt’s second stage in which learners become more consistent with their
movement with practice

40
Q

Arthersclerosis

A
  1. Clogging, narrowing, and hardening of the body’s large arteries and
    medium-sized blood vessels. Atherosclerosis can lead to stroke, heart attack, eye problems,
    and kidney problems. 2. Buildup of fatty plaques in arteries that leads to narrowing and
    reduced blood fl ow
41
Q

Atmospheric Pressure

A

Everyday pressure in the air

42
Q

Artrioventricular (AV) Node

A

A small mass of specialized cardiac muscle fi bers, located in the
wall of the right atrium of the heart, that receives heartbeat impulses from the sinoatrial node
and directs them to the walls of the ventricles

43
Q

Atrioventricular Valves

A

Allow for proper blood flow from the atria to the ventricles

44
Q

Atrium

A

The superior chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins and forces it into
the ventricles

45
Q

Augmented Feedback

A

Information provided by some external source such as a fitness professional, videotape, or a heart rate monitor

46
Q

Autogenic Inhibition

A

The process by which neural impulses that sense tension are greater
than the impulses that cause muscles to contract, providing an inhibitory effect to the muscle
spindles

47
Q

Autonomous Stage

A

Fitt’s third stage of motor learning in which the learner has refi ned the skill to a level of automation

48
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

Portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral
column

49
Q

Axion

A

A cylindric projection from the cell body that transmits nervous impulses to other neurons
or effector sites

50
Q

Backside Mechanics

A

Proper alignment of the rear leg and pelvis during sprinting, which
includes ankle plantarfl exion, knee extension, hip extension, and neutral pelvis

51
Q

Balance

A
  1. The ability to sustain or return the body’s center of mass or line of gravity over its
    base of support. 2. When the body is in equilibrium and stationary, meaning no linear or
    angular movement
52
Q

Ball-and-Socket Joint

A

Most-mobile joints that allow motion in all three planes. Examples
would include the shoulder and hip

53
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

A portion of the lower brain that is instrumental in the initiation and control of
repetitive voluntary movements such as walking and running

54
Q

Beta-oxidation (b-oxidation)

A 
The breakdown of triglycerides into smaller subunits called free
fatty acids (FFAs) to convert FFAs into acyl-CoA molecules, which then are available to enter
the Krebs cycle and ultimately lead to the production of additional ATP
55
Q

Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve

A

Two cusps control the blood fl ow from the left atrium to the left ventricle

56
Q

Bioenergetic Continuum

A

Three main pathways used by the kinetic chain to produce ATP

57
Q

Bioenergetics

A

The study of energy in the human body

58
Q

Biomechanics

A
  1. A study that uses principles of physics to quantitatively study how forces
    interact within a living body. 2. The science concerned with the internal and external forces
    acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces
59
Q

Bipenniform Muscle Fibers

A

Muscle fibers that are arranged with short, oblique fibers that extend from both sides of a long tendon. An example would be the rectus femoris

60
Q

Blood

A

Fluid that circulates in the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins, carries nutrients and
oxygen to all parts of the body, and also rids the body of waste products

61
Q

Blood Lipids

A

Also known as cholesterol and triglycerides, blood lipids are carried in the bloodstream
by protein molecules known as high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and low-density lipoproteins
(LDL)

62
Q

Blood Vessels

A

Network of hollow tubes that circulates blood throughout the body

63
Q

Bones

A

Provide a resting ground for muscles and protection of vital organs

64
Q

Bracing

A

Occurs when you have contracted both the abdominal, lower back, and buttock muscles at the same time

65
Q

calorie

A

The link between the sensory and motor nerves coming from the brain to the body
and vice versa

66
Q

Calorie

A

The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1°C

67
Q

Capillaries

A

The smallest blood vessels, and the site of exchange of chemicals and water between
the blood and the tissues

68
Q

Carbohydrates

A
  1. Organic compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, which include starches,
    cellulose, and sugars, and are an important source of energy. All carbohydrates are eventually
    broken down in the body to glucose, a simple sugar. 2. Neutral compounds of carbon, hydrogen,
    and oxygen (such as sugars, starches and cellulosses), which make up a large portion of
    animal foods
69
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

Heart Muscle

70
Q

Cardiac Output (Q-)

A

Heart rate × stroke volume, the overall performance of the heart

71
Q

Cardiorespiratory Fitness

A

The ability of the circulatory and respiratory systems to supply oxygen rich blood to skeletal muscles during sustained physical activity

72
Q

Cardiorespiratory System

A

A system of the body composed of the cardiovascular and respiratory
systems

73
Q

Cardiorespiratory Training

A

Any physical activity that involves and places stress on the

cardiorespiratory system

74
Q

Cardiovascular Control Center (CVC)

A

Directs impulses that will either increase or decrease

cardiac output and peripheral resistance based on feedback from all structures involved

NASM Prep 2019 (2 decks)

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