NASM Chapter 5 brainscape

Question 1

Abduction

Answer 1

Movement of a body part away from the middle of the body.

Question 2

Adduction

Answer 2

Movement of a body part toward the middle of the body.

Question 3

Anatomic Position

Answer 3

the position with the body erect with the arms at the sides and palms forward. the anatomic position is of importance to anatomy because it is the position of reference for anatomic nomenclature. Anatomic terms such as anterior and posterior, medial and lateral, and abduction and adduction apply to the body when it is in the anatomic position.

Question 4

Anterior [or ventral]

Answer 4

on the front of the body

Question 5

Biomechanics

Answer 5

the science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces

Question 6

Concentric Muscle Action

Answer 6

When a muscle exerting force greater than the resistive force, resulting in the (shortening of muscle)

Question 7

Contralateral

Answer 7

Positioned on the opposite side of the body.

Question 8

Distal

Answer 8

Positioned farthest from the center of the body, or point of reference.

Question 9

Eccentric Muscle Action

Answer 9

an eccentric muscle action occurs when a muscle develops tension while (lengthening)

Question 10

Extension (Extend)

Answer 10

The straightening of a joint, causing the angle to the joint to increase.

Question 11

External Rotation

Answer 11

Rotation of a joint away from the middle of the body.

Question 12

Flexion (Contract)

Answer 12

The bending of a joint, causing the angle to the joint to decrease.

Question 13

Frontal Plane

Answer 13

divides the body into front and back halves

Question 14

Horizontal Abduction

Answer 14

movement of the arm or thigh across the transverse plane from an anterior position to a lateral position

Question 15

Horizontal Adduction

Answer 15

movement of the arm or thigh across the transverse plane from a lateral position to an anterior position

Question 16

Hyperextension

Answer 16

extension of a joint beyond the normal limit or range of motion

Question 17

Inferior

Answer 17

positioned below a point of reference

Question 18

internal rotation

Answer 18

rotation of a joint toward the middle of the body

Question 19

Ipsilateral

Answer 19

positioned on the same side of the body

Question 20

Isokinetic Muscle Action

Answer 20

when a muscle shortens at a constant speed over the full range of motion

Question 21

Isometric Muscle Action

Answer 21

when a muscle is exerting force equal to the force being placed on it leading to no visible change in muscle length

Question 22

Isotonic

Answer 22

Constant muscle tension; force is produced, muscle tension is developed, and movement occurs through a given range of motion

Question 23

Lateral

Answer 23

positioned toward the outside of the body

Question 24

Medial

Answer 24

positioned near the middle of the body

Question 25

Posterior [or dorsal]

Answer 25

on the back of the body

Question 26

Proximal

Answer 26

Positioned nearest the center of the body, or point of reference.

Question 27

Rotary Motion

Answer 27

Movement of the bones around the joints.

Question 28

Sagittal Plane

Answer 28

divides the body into right and left halves

Question 29

scapular depression

Answer 29

downward (inferior) motion of the scapula

Question 30

scapular elevation

Answer 30

upward (superior) motion of the scapula

Question 31

Scapular Protraction

Answer 31

abduction of the scapula; shoulder blades move away from the midline

Question 32

scapular retraction

Answer 32

adduction of scapula; shoulder blades move toward the midline

Question 33

Superior

Answer 33

Positioned above a point of reference.

Question 34

transverse plane

Answer 34

divides the body into top and bottom halves

Question 35

Concentric Muscle Action

Answer 35

"LIFTING" movement of a exercise

Question 36

Eccentric Muscle Action

Answer 36

"LOWERING" movement

Question 37

Overactive Muscle (Tight)

Answer 37

do more than they should these muscle are TIGHT and SHORT need to be stretched to get back to their ideal length fire at the wrong time, intensity, in wrong plane, wrong joint

Question 38

Underactive Muscles (Weak)

Answer 38

these muscles are WEAK and OVERSTRETCHED too much length fire at the wrong time, intensity, in wrong plane, wrong joint

Question 39

Joint Movement

Answer 39

Flexion-bending movement - decrease in angle (contract) | Extension - Straightening movement -increase in angle (extend)

Question 40

Muscle Movement

Answer 40

Concentric- shorten- lifting stage; Eccentric- lengthen- lowering stage

Question 41

Frontal Plane: narrative

Answer 41

Imagine walls in front and in back of you. The ONLY movement this would allow is along that plane: sideways movement

Question 42

Sagittal Plane: narrative

Answer 42

Imagine wall on your right and left side; The ONLY movement this would allow is along that plane: front-and-back movement

Question 43

Transverse Plane: narrative

Answer 43

no narrative given for this

Question 44

Force

Answer 44

An influence applied by one object to another, which results in an acceleration or deceleration of the second object.

Question 45

Length-tension relationship

Answer 45

The resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at this resting length.

Question 46

Force-couple

Answer 46

Muscle groups moving together to produce movement around a joint

Question 47

Torque

Answer 47

A force that produces rotation. common unit of torque is the newton-meter or Nm.

Question 48

Motor behavior

Answer 48

Motor response to internal and external environmental stimuli.

Question 49

Motor control

Answer 49

How the central nervous system integrates internal and external sensory information with previous experiences to produce a motor response.

Question 50

Motor learning

Answer 50

Integration of motor control processes through practice and experience, leading to a relatively permanent change in the capacity to produce skilled movements.

Question 51

Motor development

Answer 51

The change in motor skill behavior over time throughout the lifespan.

Question 52

Sensorimotor integration

Answer 52

The cooperation of the nervous and muscular system in gathering and interpreting information and executing movement.

Question 53

Proprioception

Answer 53

The cumulative sensory input to the central nervous system from all mechanoreceptors that sense position and limb movements.

Question 54

Muscle synergies

Answer 54

Groups of muscles that are recruited by the central nervous system to provide movement.