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NASM Chapter 5 -- Human Movement Science > NASM Chapter 5 brainscape > Flashcards

NASM Chapter 5 brainscape Flashcards

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1
Q

Abduction

A

Movement of a body part away from the middle of the body.

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2
Q

Adduction

A

Movement of a body part toward the middle of the body.

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3
Q

Anatomic Position

A

the position with the body erect with the arms at the sides and palms forward. the anatomic position is of importance to anatomy because it is the position of reference for anatomic nomenclature. Anatomic terms such as anterior and posterior, medial and lateral, and abduction and adduction apply to the body when it is in the anatomic position.

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4
Q

Anterior [or ventral]

A

on the front of the body

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5
Q

Biomechanics

A

the science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces

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6
Q

Concentric Muscle Action

A

When a muscle exerting force greater than the resistive force, resulting in the (shortening of muscle)

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7
Q

Contralateral

A

Positioned on the opposite side of the body.

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8
Q

Distal

A

Positioned farthest from the center of the body, or point of reference.

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9
Q

Eccentric Muscle Action

A

an eccentric muscle action occurs when a muscle develops tension while (lengthening)

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10
Q

Extension (Extend)

A

The straightening of a joint, causing the angle to the joint to increase.

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11
Q

External Rotation

A

Rotation of a joint away from the middle of the body.

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12
Q

Flexion (Contract)

A

The bending of a joint, causing the angle to the joint to decrease.

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13
Q

Frontal Plane

A

divides the body into front and back halves

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14
Q

Horizontal Abduction

A

movement of the arm or thigh across the transverse plane from an anterior position to a lateral position

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15
Q

Horizontal Adduction

A

movement of the arm or thigh across the transverse plane from a lateral position to an anterior position

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16
Q

Hyperextension

A

extension of a joint beyond the normal limit or range of motion

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17
Q

Inferior

A

positioned below a point of reference

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18
Q

internal rotation

A

rotation of a joint toward the middle of the body

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19
Q

Ipsilateral

A

positioned on the same side of the body

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20
Q

Isokinetic Muscle Action

A

when a muscle shortens at a constant speed over the full range of motion

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21
Q

Isometric Muscle Action

A

when a muscle is exerting force equal to the force being placed on it leading to no visible change in muscle length

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22
Q

Isotonic

A

Constant muscle tension; force is produced, muscle tension is developed, and movement occurs through a given range of motion

23
Q

Lateral

A

positioned toward the outside of the body

24
Q

Medial

A

positioned near the middle of the body

25
Q

Posterior [or dorsal]

A

on the back of the body

26
Q

Proximal

A

Positioned nearest the center of the body, or point of reference.

27
Q

Rotary Motion

A

Movement of the bones around the joints.

28
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

divides the body into right and left halves

29
Q

scapular depression

A

downward (inferior) motion of the scapula

30
Q

scapular elevation

A

upward (superior) motion of the scapula

31
Q

Scapular Protraction

A

abduction of the scapula; shoulder blades move away from the midline

32
Q

scapular retraction

A

adduction of scapula; shoulder blades move toward the midline

33
Q

Superior

A

Positioned above a point of reference.

34
Q

transverse plane

A

divides the body into top and bottom halves

35
Q

Concentric Muscle Action

A

“LIFTING” movement of a exercise

36
Q

Eccentric Muscle Action

A

“LOWERING” movement

37
Q

Overactive Muscle (Tight)

A

do more than they should
these muscle are TIGHT and SHORT
need to be stretched to get back to their ideal length
fire at the wrong time, intensity, in wrong plane, wrong joint

38
Q

Underactive Muscles (Weak)

A

these muscles are WEAK and OVERSTRETCHED
too much length
fire at the wrong time, intensity, in wrong plane, wrong joint

39
Q

Joint Movement

A

Flexion-bending movement - decrease in angle (contract)

Extension - Straightening movement -increase in angle (extend)

40
Q

Muscle Movement

A

Concentric- shorten- lifting stage; Eccentric- lengthen- lowering stage

41
Q

Frontal Plane: narrative

A

Imagine walls in front and in back of you. The ONLY movement this would allow is along that plane: sideways movement

42
Q

Sagittal Plane: narrative

A

Imagine wall on your right and left side; The ONLY movement this would allow is along that plane: front-and-back movement

43
Q

Transverse Plane: narrative

A

no narrative given for this

44
Q

Force

A

An influence applied by one object to another, which results in an acceleration or deceleration of the second object.

45
Q

Length-tension relationship

A

The resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at this resting length.

46
Q

Force-couple

A

Muscle groups moving together to produce movement around a joint

47
Q

Torque

A

A force that produces rotation. common unit of torque is the newton-meter or Nm.

48
Q

Motor behavior

A

Motor response to internal and external environmental stimuli.

49
Q

Motor control

A

How the central nervous system integrates internal and external sensory information with previous experiences to produce a motor response.

50
Q

Motor learning

A

Integration of motor control processes through practice and experience, leading to a relatively permanent change in the capacity to produce skilled movements.

51
Q

Motor development

A

The change in motor skill behavior over time throughout the lifespan.

52
Q

Sensorimotor integration

A

The cooperation of the nervous and muscular system in gathering and interpreting information and executing movement.

53
Q

Proprioception

A

The cumulative sensory input to the central nervous system from all mechanoreceptors that sense position and limb movements.

54
Q

Muscle synergies

A

Groups of muscles that are recruited by the central nervous system to provide movement.

NASM Chapter 5 -- Human Movement Science (2 decks)

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