NASM CH2-5 flashcards
Name two common tests for assessing cardiorespiratory efficiency.
YMCA 3-Minute Step Test and Rockport Walk Test
What muscle action develops tension while lengthening and prevents resistance from accelerating in an uncontrolled manner?
Eccentric
Name the imaginary bisector that divides the body into right and left halves.
Sagittal plane
This movement primarily occurs from side to side, as if there were a wall in front of and behind the body.”
Frontal plane movements
Name the energy storage and transfer unit within the cells of the body.
Adenosine Triphosphate or ATP
What muscle action develops when a muscle exerts more force than is placed on it, resulting in the shortening of the muscle?
Concentric
This chamber of the heart gathers oxygenated blood coming to the heart from the lungs.
Left atrium
Name the muscles involved in respiratory inspiration.
Diaphragm, external intercostals, scalenes, sternocleidomastoid, pectoralis minor
What are three guidelines for the health and fitness professional when taking the radial pulse of a client?
Touch should be gentle, take the pulse when the client is calm, take the pulse over the course of 3 days (at the same time each day) and average the results to ensure accuracy
Name the functional unit of the muscle that lies in the space between two Z lines. It produces muscular contraction and is formed by repeating sections of actin and myosin.
Sarcomere
The science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces.
Biomechanics
Represents the pressure within the arterial system after the heart contracts.
Systolic blood pressure
Represents the pressure within the arterial system when the heart is resting and filling with blood.
Diastolic blood pressure
Muscles that assist the prime movers.
Synergists
Sensory receptors responsible for sensing distortion in body tissues.
Mechanoreceptors
Receptors sensitive to change in tension of the muscle and the rate of that change.
Golgi tendon organs
Receptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the rate of that change
Muscle Spindles
The resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at this resting length.
Length-tension relationship
What is the functional unit of the nervous system?
Neuron
Name the systems of the human movement system (kinetic chain).
Nervous system, muscular system, skeletal system
Name the agonist, synergist, stabilizer, and antagonist muscles activated during a squat exercise.
Agonists: Gluteus maximus, quadriceps; Synergists: Hamstring complex; Stabilizer: Transversus abdominis; Antagonist: Psoas
The involved structures and mechanisms that the nervous system uses to gather sensory information and integrate it with previous experiences to produce a motor response.
Motor control
Feedback used after the completion of a movement to help inform clients about the outcome of their performance.
Knowledge of results
The energy pathway used in moderate to high intensity activities that can only be sustained for 30 to 50 seconds.
Glycolysis
Repeated practice of motor control processes, which leads to a change in the ability to produce skilled movements.
Motor learning
Which muscle synergies (muscle groups) are primarily used in a Shoulder Press?
Deltoid, rotator cuff, trapezius
The name of the receptors surrounding a joint that respond to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration in the joint.
Joint receptors
Altered reciprocal inhibition, synergistic dominance, and arthrokinetic dysfunction all lead to this.
Muscle imbalance
The ability of the neuromuscular system to properly recruit muscles to produce force concentrically, reduce force eccentrically, and isometrically stabilize the entire kinetic chain in all three planes of motion.
Neuromuscular efficiency
A layer of connective tissue that is underneath the fascia, and surrounds the muscle.
Epimysium
What are the three support mechanisms of blood?
Transportation, regulation and protection
What muscle is responsible for concentrically accelerating shoulder extension, adduction, and internal rotation?
Latissimus dorsi
Average stroke volume of an adult.
70 mL
Name two abdominal muscles used for trunk rotation.
Internal and external obliques
A force that produces rotation.
Torque
Movement of the bones around the joints.
Rotary motion
