NASM Chapter 3

Question 1

CardioRespiratory System

Answer 1

A system of the body composed of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

Question 2

Cardiovascular System

Answer 2

A system of the body composed of the heart, blood, and blood vessels

Question 3

Heart

Answer 3

A hollow muscular organ that pumps a circulation of blood through the body by means of rhythmic contraction.

Question 4

What does the cardiovascular system provide the kinetic chain?

Answer 4

Together they provide the tissues of the kinetic chain with oxygen (O2), nutrients, protective agents, and a means to remove waste by-products.

Question 5

Where is the heart positioned?

Answer 5

It is positioned obliquely in the center of the chest (or thoracic cavity), lying anteriorly to the spine and posteriorly to the sternum.

Question 6

Mediastinum

Answer 6

The space in the chest between the lungs that contains all the internal organs of the chest, except the lungs.

Question 7

What is the size and weight of the typical adult heart?

Answer 7

The adult heart is approximately the size of a typical adult fist and weighs roughly 300 g (approximately 10 oz).

Question 8

What is another term for the heart muscle?

Answer 8

Cardiac muscle, and it is considered an involuntary muscle.

Question 9

What is the typical heart rate of a person?

Answer 9

70 to 80 beats per min.

Question 10

What is the heart composed of?

Answer 10

The heart is composed of four hollow chambers that are delineated into two interdependent (but separate) pumps on either side.These two pumps are separated by interatrial septum (separates the atria) and interventricular septum (separates the ventricles). Each side of the heart has two chambers: an atrium and a ventricle.

Question 11

Atrium

Answer 11

The superior (smaller) chamber of the heart that recieves blood from the veins and forces it into the ventricles.

Question 12

What does the right atrium gather?

Answer 12

The right atrium gethers deoxygenated blood returning to the heart from the entire body.

Question 13

What does the left atrium gather?

Answer 13

The left atrium gathers reoxygenated blood coming to the heart from the lungs.

Question 14

Ventricles

Answer 14

The inferior (larger) chamber of the heart that receives blood from its corresponding atrium and, in turn, forces blood into the arteries.

Question 15

What does the right ventricle receive?

Answer 15

The right ventricle recieves the deoxygenated blood from the right atrium and then pumps it to the lungs to be saturated with incoming oxygen.

Question 16

What does the left ventricle receive?

Answer 16

The left ventricle receives the reoxygenated blood from the left atrium and proceeds to pump it to the entire body.

Question 17

Stroke Volume

Answer 17

The amount of blood that is pumped out with each contraction of a ventricle.

Question 18

What is the typical stroke volume of an adult?

Answer 18

75-80 mL/beat

Question 19

Heart Rate (HR)

Answer 19

The rate with which the heart pumps. 70-80 bpm

Question 20

Cardiac Output (Q)

Answer 20

The combination of how many times the heart beats per min and how much blood is being pumped out with each beat. The overall performance of the heart.
HR * stroke volume; typically ~4900mL/min.

Question 21

Blood

Answer 21

Fluid that circulates in the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins, which carries nutrients and oxygen to all parts of the body and also rids the body of waste products.

Question 22

Blood constitutes how much percentage of our total weight?

Answer 22

8%.

Question 23

How much blood does the average person hold roughly?

Answer 23

About 4-6 liters (roughly 1.5 gallons).

Question 24

What mechanisms do blood support?

Answer 24

Transportation, regulation, and protection.

Question 25

What function does the blood take in the transportation mechanism?

Answer 25

Transports oxygen and nutrients to tissues, transports waste products from tissues, transports hormones to organs and tissues, and finally carries the heat through out the body.

Question 26

What function does blood take in the regulation mechanism?

Answer 26

Regulates body temperature and acid balance in the body.

Question 27

What function does blood take in the protection mechanism?

Answer 27

Protects the body from excessive bleeding by clotting. Contains specialized immune cells to help fight disease and sickness.

Question 28

Where do you place the two fingers to take a heart rate?

Answer 28

Place fingers around the palm side of the wrist (about one inch from the top of wrist on the thumb side).

Question 29

What are the 6 factors that may affect resting heart rate?

Answer 29

Digestion, mental activity, enviromental temperature, biological rhythms, body position, and cardiorespiratory fitness.

Question 30

When are the best times to take resting heart rate?

Answer 30

The best time to take resting heart rate is at waking, or at the very least, after 5 min of complete rest.

Question 31

When taking a pulse during exercise, for how many seconds do we count beats?

Answer 31

You count beats for 6 seconds, and then simply just add a zero at the end or multiply it by ten.

Question 32

Blood Vessels

Answer 32

Network of hollow tubes that circulates blood throughout the body.

Question 33

Arteries

Answer 33

Vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

Question 34

Veins

Answer 34

Vessels that carry blood from the capillaries toward the heart.

Question 35

Capillaries

Answer 35

The smallest blood vessels, which connect venules with arterioles.

Question 36

Arterioles

Answer 36

Small terminal branches of an artery, which end in capillaries.

Question 37

Venules

Answer 37

The very small veins that connect capillaries to the larger veins.

Question 38

Respiratory system

Answer 38

A system of organs (the lungs and respiratory passageways) that collects oxygen from the external environment and transports it to the bloodstream.

Question 39

Respiratory pump

Answer 39

Is composed of skeletal structures (bones) and soft tissues (muscles) that work together to allow proper respiratory mechanics to occur and help pump blood back to the heart during inspiration.
Bones - sternum, ribs, vertebrae

Question 40

Inspiration

Answer 40

the process of actively contracting the inspiratory muscles to move air into the body.

muscles - diaphragm, external intercostals; (secondary muscles in shallow breathing) scalenes, sternocleidomastoid, levator scapulae, upper trapezius

Question 41

Expiration

Answer 41

The process of actively or passively relaxing the inspiratory muscles to move air out of the body.

muscles - internal intercostals, abdominals

Question 42

Diffusion

Answer 42

The process of getting oxygen from the environment to the tissues of the body.

Question 43

Maximal oxygen consumption (VO 2max )

Answer 43

The highest rate of oxygen transport and utilization achieved at maximal physical exertion; could be 11-23 METs

Question 44

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Answer 44

A specialized area of cardiac tissue, located the right atrium of the heart, which initiates the electrical impulses that determine the heart rate; pacemaker for the heart.

Question 45

Atrioventricular (AV) node

Answer 45

A small mass of specialized cardiac muscle fibers, located in the wall of the right atrium of the heart, that receives heartbeat impulses from the sinoatrial node and directs them to the walls of the ventricles.