Nasal Disease Flashcards
Describe some nasal symptoms?
- Blockage
- Loss of smell
- Discharge
- Facial Pain
Other: sneezing, itch, epistaxis, crusting
Secondary symptoms: dry mouth, sore throat, snoring, halitosis, loss of taste
What is a red flag in rhinitis?
Unilateral symptoms
Give an overview of the causes of rhinitis?
INFECTIVE
NON- INFECTIVE
Allergic > intermittent or persistent
Non allergic > Vasomotor or nasal polyps
Allergic rhinitis can be due to intermittent allergy ___1___ or persistent ___2___
1) grass, tree pollen, fungal spores
2) house dust mites, cats, dogs
Tests for allergic rhinitis?
Allergy testing by skin prick or blood IgE for the four main allergens which are house dust mite, grass pollen, dogs and cats - if negative for all these allergic rhinitis is v unlikely
Stepwise treatment for allergic rhinitis?
Advice on allergy avoidance for everyone
STEP 1: Intranasal or oral antihistamines
STEP 2: Regular intranasal corticosteroid
TREATMENT FAILURE: oral corticosteroids and refer
Vasomotor rhinitis is treated with?
anticholinergics- Azelastine
Nasal polyps are often found in _____
those with late onset asthma
Treatment of nasal polyps?
Try oral or topical steroids
Surgery if fails to get rid of them
Childs mouth hangs open as mouth breather and noisy at eating?
Adenoid obstruction
Smelly discharge from a child’s nose?
Foreign body
Puffiness over cheek with numbness, dentures don’t fit?
Maxillary sinus tumour
What must you rule out in nasal or ear trauma? Why? How can you tell?
Haematoma as can cause death of cartilage so will get a permanent deformity
Boggy swelling
Complication of acute infective rhino sinusitis?
Orbital abscess > emergency as threatens sight
Most sinusitis is?
viral infection
