Nasal Discharge Flashcards
Major bacteria that are associated with GPE:
- Strep zoo
2. Strep equi
GPE CS:
Recurrent, unilateral, purulent nasal discharge
Worsens when head lowered
GPE diagnostic method of choice
Endoscopy - direct visualization
Can see feed in nasopharynx
GPE Treatment:
Flush + abx
How do we flush GPE?
Give xylazine so they get head down
Flush with LRS
What are chondroids?How do we treat?
Conceptions of pus seen in chronic GPE
Treat with basket retrieval or surgical removal
Which abx do we use for GPE?
Penicillin
But we must flush too!
T/F: strangles is highly contagious and reportable infection of strep zoo
False!
Highly contagious, reportable, strep EQUI
Always pathogenic
Which age group gets strangles?
Young!
Kinda like chicken pox where they get it and done
can be seen in older, immunocompromised too
CS of strangles:
Fever, depression, nasal discharge, cough
Swelling/draining of submandibular LN
Infection of retropharyngeal LN
What is the time frame for strangles infections?
Abcess = 5-7 day
Rupture = 1O-14 day
How do we diagnose strangles?
Culture/sens
PCR - but can have false +
SeM Ab titer - detects recent infection
Can we vaccinate an animal with strangles?
No!
Can develop purpura
What are some major strangles complications?
- Retropharyngeal LN involvement
- Purpura
- Bastard Strangles
- Dyspnea/Distress
- Endocarditis/Myocarditis
- Brain abscesses
Explain the significance of retropharyngeal LN in strangles:
Sit on the floor of GP and can rupture against gravity leading to GPE
What are bastard strangles?
Systemic strangles
Mets to LN all over the body
Can lead to peritonitis
Difficult to treat
How do we treat strangles?
Abx*
NSAIDs*
Hot packs to accelerate maturation of abcess
Isolation
Monitor animals not yet infected - temp them
How are abx involved in strangles tx?
Penicillin ONLY in complicated cases or if catch @ beginning of fever
When do we give NSAIDs?
Only if off feed
What is a disadvantage to treating with penicillin when we first detect fever?
They will never develop immunity
How long do we isolate the farm w/strangles?
6mo-1yr
What is purpura?
Immune-mediated vasculitis
Which agents are involved in purpura? [3]
Strep zoo
Step equi
Influenza
CS of purpura:
Limb edema
Nasopharyngeal collapse
Diagnosis of purpura:
Skin biopsy - leukcytoclastic vasculitis
How do we treat purpura?
Penicillin [this is complicated strangles] Hydrotherapy Sweat bandages - to help edema NSAIDs DMSO - in wraps Corticosteroids in severe cases
2 major pneumonia’s that foals get:
- Foal pneumonia
2. Rhodococcus
What are the agents in foal pneumonia?
Strep zoo
Strep equi
Actinobacillus
Typical foal pneumonia lung sounds:
Ins/ex crackles/wheezes @ cranial ventral lobes
Foal pneumonia rads:
Mixed interstitial/alveolar patterns
Treating foal pneumonia:
Penicillin
TMS
T/F: RHodococcus is gram+, bacillus
False!
Coccobacillus
Is rhodococcus intra/extra cellular?
Intra!!
When do foals get affected with rhodococcus?
Affected @ birth, signs 2-4mo when they have significant resp compromise
Rhodococcus risk factors:
Hot/dry - they inhale more
Breeding farms
Rhodococcus CS:
Crackles/wheezes Fever D+ Polysinovitis - immune mediated - multiple limbs Osteomyelitis - 1 limb
Rhodococcus vs foal pneumonia CBC:
HIGH fibrinogen rhodococcus
LOW fibrinogen foal pneumonia
rhodococcus rads:
Perihilar pulm abcesses/miliary
We can also see broncho-pneumonia pattern/interstitial
Why do we freeze-thaw culture sample?
Will burst and the intracellular bac will spill out making it easier to ID
Why do we use US to monitor rhodococcus?
Majority of abcesses are superficial
Does size of abcess matter in terms of treatment?
Yes!
Under 1Ocm = no treat
Over 1O cm = treat
How do we treat rhodococcus?
Macrolides
Rifampin - targets intracellularly
Anti-ulcer meds
NSAIDs
Hyperimmune serum
When do we give the hypperimmune serum?
As a preventative within first few days of birth
When can we stop treatment?
2 weeks after resolution
2 weeks after normal fibrinogen
Usually takes 6-8wks
Rhodococcus complications:
Enterocolitis
Hyperthermia
Ulcers - GI
