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LAM1 > Nasal Discharge > Flashcards

Nasal Discharge Flashcards

1
Q

Major bacteria that are associated with GPE:

A
  1. Strep zoo

2. Strep equi

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2
Q

GPE CS:

A

Recurrent, unilateral, purulent nasal discharge

Worsens when head lowered

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3
Q

GPE diagnostic method of choice

A

Endoscopy - direct visualization

Can see feed in nasopharynx

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4
Q

GPE Treatment:

A

Flush + abx

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5
Q

How do we flush GPE?

A

Give xylazine so they get head down

Flush with LRS

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6
Q

What are chondroids?How do we treat?

A

Conceptions of pus seen in chronic GPE

Treat with basket retrieval or surgical removal

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7
Q

Which abx do we use for GPE?

A

Penicillin

But we must flush too!

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8
Q

T/F: strangles is highly contagious and reportable infection of strep zoo

A

False!

Highly contagious, reportable, strep EQUI
Always pathogenic

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9
Q

Which age group gets strangles?

A

Young!

Kinda like chicken pox where they get it and done

can be seen in older, immunocompromised too

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10
Q

CS of strangles:

A

Fever, depression, nasal discharge, cough
Swelling/draining of submandibular LN
Infection of retropharyngeal LN

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11
Q

What is the time frame for strangles infections?

A

Abcess = 5-7 day

Rupture = 1O-14 day

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12
Q

How do we diagnose strangles?

A

Culture/sens
PCR - but can have false +
SeM Ab titer - detects recent infection

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13
Q

Can we vaccinate an animal with strangles?

A

No!

Can develop purpura

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14
Q

What are some major strangles complications?

A
  1. Retropharyngeal LN involvement
  2. Purpura
  3. Bastard Strangles
  4. Dyspnea/Distress
  5. Endocarditis/Myocarditis
  6. Brain abscesses
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15
Q

Explain the significance of retropharyngeal LN in strangles:

A

Sit on the floor of GP and can rupture against gravity leading to GPE

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16
Q

What are bastard strangles?

A

Systemic strangles
Mets to LN all over the body

Can lead to peritonitis
Difficult to treat

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17
Q

How do we treat strangles?

A

Abx*
NSAIDs*
Hot packs to accelerate maturation of abcess
Isolation
Monitor animals not yet infected - temp them

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18
Q

How are abx involved in strangles tx?

A

Penicillin ONLY in complicated cases or if catch @ beginning of fever

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19
Q

When do we give NSAIDs?

A

Only if off feed

20
Q

What is a disadvantage to treating with penicillin when we first detect fever?

A

They will never develop immunity

21
Q

How long do we isolate the farm w/strangles?

A

6mo-1yr

22
Q

What is purpura?

A

Immune-mediated vasculitis

23
Q

Which agents are involved in purpura? [3]

A

Strep zoo
Step equi
Influenza

24
Q

CS of purpura:

A

Limb edema

Nasopharyngeal collapse

25
Q

Diagnosis of purpura:

A

Skin biopsy - leukcytoclastic vasculitis

26
Q

How do we treat purpura?

A 
Penicillin [this is complicated strangles]
Hydrotherapy
Sweat bandages - to help edema 
NSAIDs
DMSO - in wraps 
Corticosteroids in severe cases
27
Q

2 major pneumonia’s that foals get:

A
  1. Foal pneumonia

2. Rhodococcus

28
Q

What are the agents in foal pneumonia?

A

Strep zoo
Strep equi
Actinobacillus

29
Q

Typical foal pneumonia lung sounds:

A

Ins/ex crackles/wheezes @ cranial ventral lobes

30
Q

Foal pneumonia rads:

A

Mixed interstitial/alveolar patterns

31
Q

Treating foal pneumonia:

A

Penicillin

TMS

32
Q

T/F: RHodococcus is gram+, bacillus

A

False!

Coccobacillus

33
Q

Is rhodococcus intra/extra cellular?

A

Intra!!

34
Q

When do foals get affected with rhodococcus?

A

Affected @ birth, signs 2-4mo when they have significant resp compromise

35
Q

Rhodococcus risk factors:

A

Hot/dry - they inhale more

Breeding farms

36
Q

Rhodococcus CS:

A 
Crackles/wheezes
Fever
D+
Polysinovitis - immune mediated - multiple limbs 
Osteomyelitis - 1 limb
37
Q

Rhodococcus vs foal pneumonia CBC:

A

HIGH fibrinogen rhodococcus

LOW fibrinogen foal pneumonia

38
Q

rhodococcus rads:

A

Perihilar pulm abcesses/miliary

We can also see broncho-pneumonia pattern/interstitial

39
Q

Why do we freeze-thaw culture sample?

A

Will burst and the intracellular bac will spill out making it easier to ID

40
Q

Why do we use US to monitor rhodococcus?

A

Majority of abcesses are superficial

41
Q

Does size of abcess matter in terms of treatment?

A

Yes!

Under 1Ocm = no treat
Over 1O cm = treat

42
Q

How do we treat rhodococcus?

A

Macrolides
Rifampin - targets intracellularly

Anti-ulcer meds
NSAIDs
Hyperimmune serum

43
Q

When do we give the hypperimmune serum?

A

As a preventative within first few days of birth

44
Q

When can we stop treatment?

A

2 weeks after resolution
2 weeks after normal fibrinogen

Usually takes 6-8wks

45
Q

Rhodococcus complications:

A

Enterocolitis
Hyperthermia
Ulcers - GI

LAM1 (7 decks)

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