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SF2- Exam 3 > Nasal Cavity > Flashcards

Nasal Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

Label

A
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2
Q

What gives the nose its shape?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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3
Q

What cutaneous vessels supply the external nose?

A
  • Facial artery
    • ​superior labial artery.
    • angular artery

So the external carotid artery supplies the lower part of the nose

  • Ophthalmic artery
    • Supraorbital artery
    • Supratrochlear artery
    • Dorsal nasal artery
    • External nasal branch of the anterior ethmoidal artery

The opthalmic artery is a branch the internal carotid artery

  • Infraorbital artery

The infraorbital artery is a branch of the maxillary artery

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4
Q

What cutaneous nerves supply the external nose?

A
  • The sensory innervation of the skin of the nose is a double innervation.
    • V1 comes down the glabella, root, dorsum- all the way down to the apex. ALL of that is ophthalmic innervation.
    • Supraorbital nerve and supratrochlear nerve
    • Infratrochlear nerve and the external nasal branch of the anterior ethmoidal nerve
    • The ala of the nose is innervated by V2
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5
Q

•Supraorbital nerve and supratrochlear nerve are branch of the _______nerve

A

frontal

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6
Q

•Infratrochlear nerve and the external nasal branch of the anterior ethmoidal nerve are branches of the _________nerve.

A

nasociliary

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7
Q

The infraorbital nerve is a branch of the _________ nerve.

A

maxillary

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8
Q

Muscles of the external nose

A
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9
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10
Q

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11
Q

What are the three major cartilages of the nose?

A
  • Lateral cartilages-Left and right
  • Alar cartilage- Gives you the apex of the nose
  • Septal cartilage- Forms a bit of the septum
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12
Q

The ____________ of the maxilla that will be the attachment for the septal cartilage.

A

anterior nasal spine

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13
Q

The vestibule region is protected by _____________epithelium.

A

keratinized stratified squamous

*The vestibule is the expanded area where you could insert your finger if you wanted to.

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of the vestibule?

A
  • Keratinized stratified epithelium
  • Sebaceous glands
  • Vibrissae to filter air
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15
Q

What is the role of vibrissae?

A

Filter the air

NOTE: As you get older, the vibrissae gets coarser and thicker and liner, and thus becomes more noticeable.

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16
Q

During normal upward breathing, how much air is actually reaching the upper olfactory area?

A

Only 10%

NOTE: If your really want to smell something you sniff. When you sniff, you bring twice as musch air into the atrium and up to the olfactory area. That way you get more of an opportunity for air to encounter the olfactory receptors.

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17
Q

What are the charcteristics of the epithelium in the olfactory area?

A
  • Epithelium is neuronal and bipolar

*The olfactory neve is a collection of those axons going through all those holes in the cribiform plate.

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18
Q

A lot of what we believe to be taste is actually odorants traveling via the ___________ to be sensed by our olfactory epithelium

A

reto-nasal flow

*•Odorants reach olfactory area both from the atrium and from the oral cavity (retronasal flow), greatly enhancing the sense of taste.

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19
Q

Label

A
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20
Q

Above the superior concha there’s the __________- between the sphenoid and ethmoid bones.

A

sphenoethmoidal recess

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21
Q

The __________ produce turbulence in the air, throwing particles against the mucous covered walls. Increases filtration, warming and humidification.

A

concha

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22
Q

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23
Q

The sphenoid sinus is found in the body of the sphenoid bone. The drainage from that goes into the __________.

A

sphenoethmoidal recess

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24
Q

The posterior ethmoid cells drain underneath the ___________.

A

superior concha

25
Q

In the inferior meatus below it is the opening to the _____________.

A

nasolacrimal duct

26
Q

What three things drain into the semilunar hiatus?

A
  • The superior/anterior part will have drainage from the frontal sinus.
  • Midway through the bulla there’ll be an opening for the anterior ethmoidal air cells
  • At the very end is the biggest opening for the maxillary sinus
27
Q

Label

A
28
Q

Label

A
29
Q

Which bones are the concha housed in?

A

Ethmoid bone

  • Superior and middle concha

*Inferior concha is it’s one bone but it forms in the region of the vomer bone

30
Q

What are the three major components of the septum of the nasal cartilage?

A
  • Septal cartilage, which is more anterior
  • The perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone coming down from the cribriform plate.
  • The vomer bone sort of looks like a triangle.

NOTE: Septums are usually deviated- no one really has a straight septum. It only becomes a problem when it’s blocking the drainage or blocking breathing on one side.

31
Q

Label

A
32
Q

The anterior portion of the nose is supplied by_______

A

V1

33
Q

The anterior ethmoidal nerve is a branch of the __________ nerve that enters the anterior ethmoidal foramen, crosses the cribriform plate, and enters the nasal cavity.

A

nasociliary

34
Q

What rbanches of the maxillary nerve supply the nose?

A
  • Nasopalatine nerve
  • Lateral nasal branches of the greater palatine nerve
  • Infra orbital nerve branches
35
Q

What is the course of the nasopalatine nerve?

A
  1. The nasopalatine nerve passes through the sphenopalatine foramen
  2. Comes down the septum into a groove (incisive canal) on the vomer.

NOTE: Both the sphenopalatine artery and the nasopalatine nerve pass through the sphenopalatine foramen

36
Q

The nasopalatine nerve goes through the incisive canal to give innervation to the___________.

A

anterior/ primary pallet.

37
Q

The greater and lesser palatine nerves- if you chip away at the bone you can see them- coming off them are the ________ nerve.

A

lateral nasal branches of the greater palatine

38
Q

Lateral nasal branches of greater palatine nerve innervate __________.

A

The middle and inferior concha

39
Q

Parasympathetics: Secretomotor to mucous in nasal mucosa

Cell bodies for postganglionic fibers lie in the ______________. Preganglionic fibers from VII, via the ___________.

A

pterygopalatine ganglion; greater petrosal nerve.

40
Q

What is the function of sympathetic fibers of the nasal cavity?

A

Inhibit the nasal glands

41
Q

What is the course of the opthalmic artery in the nasal cavity?

A
  1. Goes through the orbit and the anterior ethmoidal foramen
  2. It passes over the cribriform plate, through a hole in the cribriform pate
  3. It goes into the nasal cavity itself.
42
Q

The posterior ethmoidal artery only gives blood supply to the ___________.

A

ethmoidal air cells

NOTE: The posterior ethmoid artery does not get into the nasal cavity itself

43
Q

Once the ophthalmic branch gets into the nasal cavity it splits into :

A
  • The septum branch
    • Nourishing the atrium and the little of the vestibule regions.
  • External nasal branch
    • Nourishes tip of external nose
44
Q

____________ is the first branch of the maxillary artery in the nasal cavity

A

Sphenopalatine artery

45
Q

What are the branches of the sphenopalatine artery?

A
  • Septal branch- This will run down the septum, it will also form a groove on the vomer as it runs down to send a branch through the incisive canal
  • Lateral branches- These are a series of branches running along the lateral wall-onto the concha and floor
46
Q

The descending palatine artery is a branch of the ____________ artery.

A

Maxillary

47
Q

What are the branches of the desceding palatine artery? What does each branch supply?

A

•The greater palatine artery

  • also sends a branch through the incisive canal.
  • There is also anastomosis, the blood can flow superiorly or inferiorly through the incisive canal, because that sphenopalatine artery and the end branches of the greater palatine artery will anastomose there
  • The lesser palatine artery
    • going onto the soft palate.
48
Q

Anastomosis of arteries in the anterior 1/3 of the septum is referred to as __________.

A

Kiesselbach area

  • Major site (>90%) of epistaxis (nosebleeds).
  • Part of it is because it’s very accessible to a probing finger or flying fist. The other reason is you have blood supply coming from all over the place from these branches.
49
Q

What is another word for epistaxis?

A

Nose bleeds

50
Q

Infection in nose, nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses can spread to the ____________ and ____________ via venous drainage.

A

cavernous sinus; superior sagittal sinus

51
Q

What is the function of the paranasal sinuses?

A

The epithelium of the sinuses produce nitric oxide

  • Nitric oxide is known to damage bacteria and increase ciliary motility , so contributes to defense against microorganisms.
  • Nitric oxide is a vasodilator, which increases arterial oxygenation
52
Q

What affect does inspiration have the sinuses?

A

Inspiration pulls gas out of the sinuses and into lungs

53
Q

Infection in frontal or ethmoidal sinuses may be transferred into ____________, because they all drain into the semilunar hiatus

A

maxillary

54
Q

All sinuses open into the lateral wall by small openings, allowing equilibration of air and drainage of mucous. They are lined by ____________ epithelium.

A

ciliated respiratory

*So cilia normally sweep mucous toward openings

55
Q

What affect can chronic infection and/or smoking have on the sinuses?

A

Chronic infection and smoking damage cilia, reducing drainage

56
Q

Label

A
57
Q

Why is the maxillary sinus the most problematic?

A

The floor of it goes right into the alveolar process of the maxilla right near the teeth.

58
Q

The mucosa of the respiratory epitelium have mucous-secreting “goblet cells” interspersed with ciliated cells. Together they form a “mucociliary escalator” wherein the beating of the cilia within a sinus transports a sheet of mucous with trapped debris towards an opening (ostium) into the _____________.

A

lateral nasal cavity

59
Q

The turbinate mediate laminar flow during __________ (inspiration/expiration) and swirling eddy currents during _________ (inspiration/expiration). The turbulence appears to help ventilate the paranasal sinuses

A

inspiration; expiration

SF2- Exam 3 (12 decks)

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