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Anatomy mod 3 > Nasal Cavity > Flashcards

Nasal Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

Where can you not use adrenaline containing local anaesthetic near ?

A

nasal cartilages

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2
Q

Why can you not use adrenaline containing LA near nasal cartilages ?

A

Cartilage does not have a direct blood supply - it relies on diffusion from surrounding arteries

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3
Q

Is adrenaline a vasoconstrictor or vasodilator?

A

vasoconstrictor

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4
Q

Ethmoid bone roof

A

cribriform plate and crista galli

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5
Q

Ethmoid bone lateral wall

A

superior and middle conchae

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6
Q

Ethmoid bone septum

A

perpendicular plate of ethmoid

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7
Q

What passes through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone?

A

olfactory receptors

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8
Q

What can Le Fort II & III level fractures disrupt?

A

cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

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9
Q

What is the danger of a Le Fort II & III level fracture ?

A

danger of infection spreading form the nasal cavity & paranasal sinuses into the anterior cranial fossa

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10
Q

What does a Le Fort I fracture?

A

maxilla

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11
Q

What does a Le Fort II fracture ?

A

maxilla and involving the nasal bones

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12
Q

What does a Le Fort III separate?

A

visceral cranium from the neural cranium

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13
Q

What happens to the septal haematoma to prevent avascular necrosis of the septal hyaline cartilage ?

A

incised and drained

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14
Q

What does the septal hyaline cartilage depend on?

A

diffusion of nutrients from its attached nasal mucosa

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15
Q

3 Mucosa of nasal cavities

A

Keratinised stratified squamous epithelium, respiratory epithelium and olfactory mucosa

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16
Q

What is the first entry point into the nasal cavity ?

A

keratinised stratified squamous epithelium mucosa

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17
Q

What kind of nerve is CNI?

A

special sensory

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18
Q

What do olfactory cell receptors pass through?

A

cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

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19
Q

Where are olfactory receptor cells found?

A

olfactory mucosa

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20
Q

Where is the olfactory ganglion found?

A

olfactory bulb

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21
Q

Where does the olfactory tract end?

A

temporal lobe

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22
Q

What is the nasal cavity supplied by?

A

CNV

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23
Q

What supplies the anterosuperior part of the nasal cavity?

A

ophthalmic (CNVI)

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24
Q

What supplies the posteriorinferior part of the nasal cavity?

A

maxillary (CNV2)

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25
Q

Where does blood supply from the nasal cavity originate?

A

external and internal carotid arteries

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26
Q

External carotid artery arterial supply to the nasal cavity?

A

facial and maxillary

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27
Q

Internal carotid artery arterial supply to the nasal cavity?

A

ophthalmic

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28
Q

ophthalmic artery blood supply to nasal cavity via?

A

anterior and posterior ethmoid arteries

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29
Q

Maxillary artery blood supply to nasal cavity via?

A

sphenopalatine and greater palatine arteries

30
Q

Facial artery blood supply to nasal cavity via?

A

Lateral nasal branch of facial or septal branch of superior labial artery

31
Q

What are Kiesselbach’s (Little’s) areas?

A

an arterial anastomosis on the nasal septum and a common site of epistaxis (nosebleeds)

32
Q

Positions of conchae of lateral wall of nasal cavity

A

superior, middle and inferior

33
Q

Meatuses of lateral wall of nasal cavities?

A

sphenoethmoidal, superior, middle and inferior

34
Q

How many frontal sinuses does the frontal bone have?

A

2

35
Q

What separates the 2 frontal sinuses?

A

nasal septum

36
Q

How many maxillary sinuses are in the maxillae?

A

2

37
Q

How many ethmoidal air cells are in the ethmoid bone?

A

2

38
Q

How many sphenoidal sinuses are in the sphenoid bone?

A

1 or 2

39
Q

What does mucous drain into nasal cavities via?

A

ostia in the lateral walls of the nasal cavities

40
Q

What does the frontal sinus drain into?

A

middle meatus

41
Q

What do the ethmoidal cells drain into?

A

superior and middle meatuses

42
Q

What does the sphenoidal sinus drain into?

A

sphenoethmoidal recess

43
Q

What does the lacrimal gland produce?

A

tears

44
Q

What does the lacrimal gland drain into?

A

nasolacrimal duct

45
Q

What does the nasolacrimal duct drain?

A

inferior meatus of nasal cavity

46
Q

What is sinusitis?

A

inflammation of the mucosa of paranasal sinuses

47
Q

Causes of sinusitis

A

infection, allergy and autoimmune issues

48
Q

What does cilia of respiratory mucosa do?

A

waft mucosa towards ostia

49
Q

What can interfere with cilia?

A

cold weather, smoking

50
Q

What can viral URTI do?

A

cause swelling of mucosa, reducing diameter of ostia

51
Q

What nerves give the painful nerve supply of sinusitis

A

CNVI and CNV2

52
Q

Where may pain from sinusitis be referred to?

A

teeth

53
Q

What is the maxillary sinus predisposed to?

A

inflammation

54
Q

Why is the maxillary sinus predisposed to inflammation?

A

maxillary sinus ostia being located superiorly in the medial wall of the sinus compared to the floor

55
Q

What does the maxillary sinus have to drain against?

A

gravity

56
Q

What may result in an oro-antral fistula?

A

extraction of a tooth

57
Q

How is a persistent oro-antral fistula surgically treated?

A

surgically closed

58
Q

Where can the roots of upper teeth spread infection of a dental abscess?

A

into the antrum i.e., cause a sinus infection

59
Q

Why might maxillary sinusitis present as toothache of an upper or lower tooth?

A

common sensory nerve supply from CNV

60
Q

Maxillary sinusitis may present as toothache due to the common sensory nerve supply of CNV from what?

A

maxilla/mandible, antral mucosa, all the teeth

61
Q

What is maxillary sinusitis presenting as toothache an example of?

A

referred pain

62
Q

What are the right and left nasal cavities separated by?

A

nasal septum

63
Q

What is the nasal septum formed from?

A

perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and vomer and sepal cartilages

64
Q

What is the lateral wall of each cavity featured?

A

superior, middle and inferior conchae

65
Q

What is the roof of the nasal cavity formed from?

A

nasal bones and cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

66
Q

What is the floor of the nasal cavity formed from?

A

maxillae and palatine bones

67
Q

What arteries give anastomotic arterial blood supply from?

A

ophthalmic, maxillary and facial

68
Q

Where does epistaxis from Kiesselbach’s area located?

A

anteroinferiorly on the nasal septum

69
Q

What are the cavities mainly lined by?

A

respiratory epithelium

70
Q

What type of cells are in the pseudostratified columnar cells of the respiratory epithelium?

A

cilia and goblet cells

71
Q

Functions of the nasal cavities

A

convey respiratory gases between atmosphere and nasopharynx, special sense of smell and OSTIA drainage of mucous from the paranasal sinuses

72
Q

Where are OSTIA found?

A

recesses and meatuses of the lateral walls

Anatomy mod 3 (8 decks)

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