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Anatomy of thorax > Nasal cavities, air sinuses and RT > Flashcards

Nasal cavities, air sinuses and RT Flashcards

1
Q

What does the nasolacrimal duct drain into

A

Inferior meatus

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2
Q

At which level is the hyoid bone

A

C3

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3
Q

In the nose, what is the inferior 2/3 made of

A

Respiratory epithelium (ciliated pseudo stratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells)

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4
Q

In the nose, what is the superior 1/3 made of

A

Olfactory epithelium (specialised mucosa with olfactory receptor cells)

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5
Q

Which part of the nose isn’t covered by mucosa

A

Vestibule

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6
Q

What is the function of the nasal cavity

A

Olfaction (smell)
Respiration
Conditioning of air
Drainage of nasolacrimal duct and paranasal air sinuses

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7
Q

What are conchae

A

Bony projections from the lateral wall (superior, middle and inferior)

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8
Q

What are meatus

A

Space created underneath corresponding conchae (superior, middle, inferior)

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9
Q

What is the sphenoid-ethmoidal recess

A

Space above the superior conchae

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10
Q

What are paranasal air sinuses lined with

A

Respiratory epithelium

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11
Q

What are the different paranasal air sinuses and which is the largest

A

Frontal
Ethmoidal (anterior, middle, posterior)
Sphenoidal
Maxillary (largest)

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12
Q

What is the sphenoid-ethmoidal recess drained into

A

Sphenoid sinus

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13
Q

What is the superior meatus drained into

A

Posterior ethmoidal sinus

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14
Q

What is the middle meatus drained into

A

Anterior+middle ethmoidal sinuses
Frontal sinus
Maxillary sinus

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15
Q

What is the inferior meatus drained into

A

NAsolacrimal duct

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16
Q

Boundaries and entrance to oropharynx

A 
Palate
-Hard
-Soft
Base of tongue
Pharyngeal arches 
-Palatoglossal arch
-Palatopharyngeal arch
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17
Q

What is the function of the larynx

A

Phonation
Cough reflex
Protection of LRT

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18
Q

What are the three unpaired cartilages in the larynx

A

Thyroid
Cricoid
Epiglottis

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19
Q

What are the 3 paired cartilages in the larynx

A

Cuneiform
Corniculate
Arytenoid

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20
Q

Spinal level of hyoid bone

A

C3

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21
Q

Spinal level of thyroid cartilage

A

C4-5

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22
Q

Spinal level of cricoid cartilage

A

C6

23
Q

What is the function of the pharynx

A

Connects nasal and oral cavities to larynx and oesophagus

24
Q

What are the 3 parts of the pharynx in order

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

25
Q

How to distinguish between bronchi and bronchioles

A

Bronchioles do not have cartilage in their walls

26
Q

Which main bronchus is wider and more vertical

A

Right (so more likely that objects will get stuck there)

27
Q

How many lobes in R lung

A

3

28
Q

How many lobes in the L lung

A

2

29
Q

Function of the soft palate

A

Acts as a valve that can lower to close the oropharyngeal isthmus
-Elevates to separate nasopharynx from oropharynx

30
Q

What is the floor of the oral cavity made of and their functions

A

Muscular diaphragms

  • BIlateral mylohyoid mm
  • Pulls larynx forward during swallowing

Geniohyoid mm
-Pulls larynx forward during swallowing

TOngue
Salivary glands/ducts

31
Q

What is tongue connected to floor by

A

Frenulum

32
Q

What is the palatine tonsil bound by

A

Palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches

33
Q

What is the gag reflex and the cranial nerves

A

When foreign bodies touch posterior aspect of oral cavity (CN IX)

Contraction of pharyngeal musculature and elevation of soft palate (CN X)

34
Q

3 major salivary glands

A

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

35
Q

What is the larynx

A

Upper part of the air passage

36
Q

What is the position of the larynx

A

C3-6

37
Q

What Is the position of the cricoid cartilage

A

C6

38
Q

What is Sellick’s manoeuvre

A

Used in emergency intubation- pressure on cricoid cartilage which occludes the oesophagus to avoid regurgitation of gastric contents

39
Q

What does the inferior horn of the thyroid articulate with

A

Cricoid

40
Q

What does the cricoid articulate with

A

The inferior horns of the thyroid

Arytenoid cartilages

41
Q

What shape does the arytenoid cartilage have

A

Pyramidal

42
Q

What is the apex attachment of the arytenoid cartilage

A

Corniculate cartilage

43
Q

What is the basal attachment of the arytenoid cartilage

A

Superior border of the cricoid cartilage

44
Q

What is the vocal process attachment of the arytenoid cartilage

A

Vocal ligament

45
Q

What is the muscular ores attachment of the arytenoid cartilages

A

Posterior and lateral cricoarytenoid muscles

46
Q

What innervates the larynx (motor and sensory)

A

Branches of the vagus nerve

47
Q

What does the recurrent laryngeal nerve innervate

A

Sensory innervation to the infraglottis

-Motor innervation to all internal muscles except cricothyroid

48
Q

What does the superior laryngeal nerve innervate (internal branch and external branch)

A

Internal branch= Sensory innervation to supraglottis

External branch = Motor innervation to cricothyroid muscle

49
Q

What are the extrinsic laryngeal muscles

A

Suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles

50
Q

What does the inferior laryngeal nerve innervate

A

Intrinsic laryngeal muscles

51
Q

What are the attachments of the cricothyroid mm

A

Antolateral aspect of the cricoid cartilage to inferior margin and inferior horn of thyroid cartilage

52
Q

What are the attachments of the transverse and oblique arytenoids

A

From one arytenoid cartilage to the opposite one

53
Q

How does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve enter the larynx

A

Ascends in the groove between the trachea and the oesophagus and pierces the inferior constrictor of the pharynx to enter the larynx

54
Q

What is the origin of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

Branch of the left vagus

Anatomy of thorax (7 decks)

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