Nasal Cavities Flashcards
What are the functions of the nasal cavity
- Moisten air
- warm air
- filter particles
- Heat exchangers for cooling the brain
- Olfaction
What are nares
nostrils
What are nasolabial glands
present in some animals to keep their nostrils moist
What is alar cartilage
cartilage that supports the apex of the nose and helps shape the nares
What is the nasal incisive notch
blind ending notch in the nose of horses
What is the os rostrale
bone in the snout of the pig
What are the 3 nostril dilation muscles
- Levator nasolabialis
- Caninus
- Transversus nasi
What nerve innervates nose dilator muscles
facial nerve
What is the nasal vestibule
nasal cavity superior to nostrils, transition from skin to mucous membrane, contains the opening of the nasolacrimal duct
Name the bones dorsal to the nasal cavity
frontal and nasal bones
Name the bones lateral to the nasal cavity
lacrimal, zygomatic, incisive and maxilla bones
Name the bones ventral to the nasal cavity
palatine, maxilla, incisive and vomer bones
Name the bones caudal to the nasal cavity
ethmoidal bones
What is the nasal septum
partition separating the right and left nasal cavities
What is the cribiform plate
superior surface of the ethmoid, perforated by a foramina which allows passage of the olfactory nerves (provide sense of smell)
What is the nasal conchae
turbinate bones twisted and spiraled to form conchae
Why do mammals have hard paletes
to allow breathing and suckling at the same time
What is a conchal sinus
when a conchae fuses with neighbouring bones
what is a bulba in a conchae
when the spiral closes in on itself and forms a cavity
Name the 2 types of ethmoturbinates
ectoturbinates
endoturbinates
Describe ectoturbinates
Are in the frontal sinus and point up
Describe endoturbinates
found in nasal cavity and point rostrally and down
Describe maxilloturbinates
found in nasal cavity and are attached to maxilla bones
What are the 3 types of conchae
dorsal
middle
ventral
Name the 4 types of meatus
Dorsal
Ventral
Common
Middle
Where does the dorsal meatus go to
the olfactory mucosa
where does the middle meatus go to
the paranasal sinuses
where does the ventr meatus go to
the pharynx
where does the common meatus go to
the pharynx
what meatus do we put endoscopes into
ventral meatus
What is the vomeronasal organ
is a pheromone-detecting organ of vertebrates
decribe the respiratory mucosa
mucus-covered membrane that lines the tubes of the respiratory tree
Which is the bigger, the lamina propria or the respiratory epithelium
the lamina propria
what are the functions of respiratory epithelium
regulation of air flow, cleaning, humidification, warming
Decribe the olfactory receptor
exposed dendrites on the mucosal surface detects chemicals
how are horses adapted to have less resistance in their nasal airways
nostrils expand and distend, straighter head and neck
describe laminar flow
a smooth pattern of flow
describe turbulent flow
irregular flow with random variations in pressure
