Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

EENT (minus vocab) > Nasal and Sinus Disorders > Flashcards

Nasal and Sinus Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Blood test for Allergic Rhinitis

A

RAST replaced by Fluorescence Enzyme-Labeled Assay, Expensive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Peripheral blood tests for AR

A

CBC, IgE but not descriptive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

1st Gen Intranasal Corticosteroids for AR

A

10-50% Bioavailability(more SE). Beclomethasone(4yoa), Budesoinide-(Rhinocort 6yoa), Flunisolide(6) Triamcinolone(2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

2nd Gen Intranasal Corticosteroids for AR

A

Fluticasone propionate (<2%bioav)(4yoa), mometasone(nasonex) (<0.1%bioav) (2), Ciclesonide (Omnaris)(<0.1%bioav)(6), Fluticasone furoate(Veramyst)(<1%)(2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Antihistamines that cause sedating, anticholinergic(Dry mouth)

A

1st Gen, Diphenhydramine, Chlorpheniramine(6yoa), Hydroxyzine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Antihistamines that are a lower risk for systemic effects

A

2nd and 3rd gen, Loratidine(2yrs), Cetrizine(Sedating in 10% of pts)(6mo), Fexofenadine 3rd gen (2yrs), Desloratidine (Clarinex 3rd gen (6mo)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Azelastine(Astelin), Olopatadine(Patanse)

A

AR tx: Intranasal Antihistamines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Combo intranasal antihistamine

A

Only Dymista (azelastine/fluticasone) shows better results than inhaled steroid alone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

AR and oral steroids

A

won’t relieve symptoms acutely, use sparingly. but may be needed to treat r. medicamentosa, severe, AR, sinusitis with allergic component

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Oral Decongestant (AR Tx section)

A

pseudophedrine (Sudafed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pseudophedrine MOA SE

A

alpha/beta agonist (Vasocon), arrhythmia, hypertension, palpitations, tachy, HA, nervousness, stimulation, anorexia, tremor, ect.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Intranasal Cromolyn MOA and notes

A

Keeps mast cells from releasing histamines, but inferior to nasal steroids and antihistamines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Leukotriene receptor antagonist(approved for over 6mo of age) and notes

A

Montelukast (singular) Helps most with congestion, also used in pt’s with asthma, safe, but some rare psych SE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Phenylephrine, oxymetazoline, xylometazoline, nephazoline(Afrin, Neo-Synephrine) (risks) (aid in tx of epistaxis)

A

Nasal Decongestant Sprays. (only to be used for a day or two, otherwise risk of rebound)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

AR Tx “not to be used as monotherapy”

A

Nasal Decongestant Sprays like Phenylephrine, oxymetazoline, xylometazoline, nephazoline(Afrin, Neo-Synephrine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

First Dose in office to observe. Grastek, O, R. (Daily through season-start 12 weeks)

A

SL Immunotherapy for AR. Oralair Ragwitek, 12 weeks before season starts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

SQ Immunotherapy for AR

A

Testing done first, tailored to allergy, effects last 7-12 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Expensive as hell immunotherapy for AR

A

Omalizumab (Xolair), Anti-immunoglobin E antibody, approved for use in asthma, not FDA approved for AR,

19
Q

What conditions are Nasal Polyps associated with

A

Chronic sinusitis, asthma, aspirin sensitivity

20
Q

Nasal Polyps in young children

A

Think possible CF

21
Q

Tx for Nasal Polyps

A

Intranasal Corticosteroids, treat underlying allergies, consider other AR tx’s, oral glucocorticoids in refractory cases, surgical tx often recur

22
Q

Order of sinus developement

A

MESF. F-after age 2 and last to pneumatize

23
Q

Definition of Acute Rhinosinusitis

A

Symptomatic inflammation of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses lasting less than 4 weeks

24
Q

What are the common viruses that cause Acute Rhinosinusitis

A

Rhinovirus, Adenovirus, Influenza virus, Parainfluenza virus

25
Q

What are the common bacteria that cause Acute Rhinosinusitis

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenza, Moraxella Catarrhalis, Staphylococcus Aureus

26
Q

What is the signs and presentation of Viral Rhinosinusitis

A

Day 1-2 Sore throat, day 2-3 nasal symptoms, scratchy throat subsides, day 4-5 cough, nasal sx subside, lasts ~5-10 days but may last up to 2 weeks in 1/4 of pt’s

27
Q

DiffDx for Viral Rhinosinusitis

A

Tonsillitis, Bacterial(Facial pain, dental pain, significant HA, facial swelling, prolonged sx, prior surgery), Influenza(Fevers, HA, Myalgia), Pertussis(Prolonged, severe cough)

28
Q

Tx Viral R

A

Sx relief. Pain, Nasal saline irrigation, Decongestants, topical vasocon(oxymetzaoline 2-3 days only), oral decongestants, anti-hist, mucolytics guaifenesin to thin secretions(no evidence), Zinc zicam risk anosmia

29
Q

Bacterial R: if sx do not improve in ___days of tx or recur within ___ of tx, then ___ needs to be considered

A

3-5 days, 2 weeks, resistant organism

30
Q

Abx for R, 1st LINE, then ____ Ped, adult, and then ___,___,___abx if allergic to ___

A

Amoxicillin x 10 -14 days, Augmentin - peds if moderate-severe illness, <2 yoa, daycare or recent tx with an antibiotic, adults if pt’s not improving or hx of repeated infections or prior sinus sx. Bactrim, azithromycin and other macrolides if allergies to PCN

31
Q

Dx and signs of Chronic R (3, PND, C, NC, poss no running)

A

Sx >3mo, persistent oropharyngeal drainage, chronic cough, nasal congestion, may not have runny nose

32
Q

Refer! CR. But frequent Rhinosinusitis diffdx is

A

CF(cilia decreased), Wegener’s Granulomatosis(inflammation of blood vessels, and effects kidneys, eyes and upper RT), HIV(fungus), Primary ciliary dyskinesia, neoplasm

33
Q

Wegner’s Granulomatosis

A

inflammation of blood vessels, and effects kidneys, eyes and upper RT. may cause frequent R

34
Q

Pott’s Puffy Tumor

A

Frontal sinus osteomyelitis reaches soft tissue and looks like a tumor

35
Q

Orbital Cellulitis risks

A

could travel into cavernous sinus and make the brain want to decrease flow there which leads to more problems

36
Q

Define time for Acute Rhinosinusitis

A

Up to 4 weeks

37
Q

Define time for Subacute Rhinosinusitis

A

at least 4 weeks but less than 12 weeks

38
Q

Define Recurrent acute Rhinosinusitis

A

Four or more episodes per year with complete resolution between episodes; each episode lasts at least 7 days

39
Q

Define time for Chronic Rhinosinusitis

A

12 weeks or longer

40
Q

First step with Epistaxis

A

Check ABCDE’s, airway, breathing, circulation, disability, exposure

41
Q

Contraindications for Nasal packing ca,c,c,ft

A

Clotting abnormalities, COPD(can’t interfier with airway), Known or suspected CSF leak, Facial Trauma

42
Q

Dangerous possibility with nasal fx

A

septal hematoma, if not tx could cause damage to septum

43
Q

Drugs for nasal fx with epistaxis

A

abx-cephalexin, amox, ampicillin

44
Q

Drugs and tx for nasal fx without epistaxis

A

topical nasal decongestants, analgesia and ice (ENT refer for plastic sugery)

EENT (minus vocab) (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions