Nasal Anatomy Flashcards
define piriform aperture
opening of the maxilla surrounding nasal cavity
flow of air as it enters nose
enters nares (nostrils), through nasal cavity, exts choanae into nasopharynx
fns of nasal cavity
olfaction, humidification, filtration, reception of paranasal sinus secretions
where to find olfactory epithelium
roof of nasal cavity
medial wall of nasal cavity
the nasal septum containing: septal cartilage (anterior), ethmoid (superior), vomer (posteroinferior)
lateral walls of nasal cavity
3 conchae/turbinates: superior, middle (both ethmoid), inferior (independent bone, largest)
sphenopalatine foramen location/fn
much neurovasculature of nasal cavity thru here, located posterior to superior/middle turbinates and anterior to sphenoid sinus
sphenopalatine artery from maxillary artery
maturation of paranasal sinuses
ethmoid sinuses are pneumatized at birth, frontal and maxillary continue to grow till age 20-25
4 “passages” in the nasal cavity from superior to inferior, fn
spenoethmoidal recess, superior meatus, middle meatus, inferior meatus
receive drainage from paranasal sinuses
drainage from sphenoid sinus
sphenoethmoidal recess
drainage from posterior ethmoidal sinuses
superior meatus
drainage of the frontal sinus
beneath middle meatus, via semilunar hiatus
drainage of the maxillary sinus
beneath middle meatus thru large ostium
drainage of the rest of the ethmoid sinus
beneath the middle meatus onto ethmoid bulla (lies over top of semilunar hiatus)
drainage of nasolacrimal duct
inferior meatus
overall role of trigeminal nerve
convey sensory (pain touch temp) to CNS from facial area
trigeminal ganglion
large sensory ganglion on floor of cranial cavity
opthalmic division, V1
somatic sensory info from eye, orbit, forehead, anterior nose
maxillary V2 trigeminal
somatic sensory from nasal cavity, maxilla, upper dentition and palate
mandibular V3 trigeminal
info from oral cavity, mandible/teeth, muscles of mastication
sphenopalatine artery
terminal branch of the maxillary artery (from external carotid), transverses through the sphenopalatine foramen
ophthalmic artery
branch of internal carotid, vascularizes eye/ orbit, leads to ethmoidal arteries in anterior/superior nasal cavity
kiesselbach’s plexus
converging spot for arteries on the nasal septum, common site for epistaxis
location of olfactory axons
along cribiform plate of ethmoid, synapse w/i olfactory bulbs
w/i olfactory mucosa in superio-lateral region
division of sensory innervation to nasal cavity
anterior 1/3: V1, anterior ethmoidal nerves
posterior 2/3: V2, nasopalatine for septum and posterior lataeral nasal for lateral wall
major relay center for PNS nerves traveling to nasal cavity
pterygopalatine ganglion, located in pterygopalatine fossa posterior to nasal cavity
trace PNS nerves to nasal glands
preganglionic via greater petrosal nerve (branch of CN VII), thru pterygoid canal in base of skull, synapse at pterygopalatine ganglion and hitchhike w/ V2
trace SNS nerves to nasal cavity
travel along internal carotid and form the deep petrosal nerve, enters pterygoid canal and travels alongside blood vessels
vidian nerve
combo of deep petrosal (post gang SNS) and greater petrosal (pre gang PNS) in pterygoid canal, autonomics to nasal cavity
can be removed for chronic rhinitis
4 components of nasopharynx
pharyngeal tonsils or adenoids, opening of eustachian or pharyngotympanic tubes, torus tubarius, pharyngeal recess (behind torus, can have cancers)
muscles of pharyngotympanic tube
levator veli palatini, tensor veli palatini
open the tube and prevent food from entering nasopharynx by lifting soft palate
