COPD

Question 1

define COPD

Answer 1

airflow limitation that is not fully reversible, assoc w/ inflammatory response

Question 2

what is the main criteria required for COPD? what three other diseases can feed into it in a venn diagram?

Answer 2

must have airflow obstruction, could have one or combo of chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma

need to do spiromety for Dx

Question 3

5risk factors for COPD

Answer 3

main one is cigarettes

passive smoking, biomass fuels, hyper responsive airways, a1AT deficiency

Question 4

describe the cycle of COPD

Answer 4

impaired mucociliary clearance, bacterial colonization and inflammatory response (increased elastolytis), airway epithelial injury, further impaired clearance

Question 5

3 mechanisms of phsyiologic obstruction

Answer 5

chronic bronchitis: mucus filled lumen, thickened wall/airway fibrosis

emphysema: loss of airway tethering (collapse on expiration)

Question 6

signs of COPD

Answer 6

barrel chest, accessory muscles, wheezing, tripod, decreased breath sounds, LE edema (cor pulmonale)

Question 7

Dx vs severity classification of COPD

Answer 7

Dx w/ FEV1/FVC <70%

severity by the FEV1 alone

Question 8

CXR in COPD

Answer 8

flat diaphragm, increased lateral diameter (barrel chest), air trapping

Question 9

3 things that reduce COPD mortality

Answer 9

smoking cessation, O2, lung volume reduction surgery in appropriate pts (apical emphysema)

Question 10

describe presentation of acute bronchitis

Answer 10

sudden onset of cough but longer than 5 days

no fever, tachycardia or tachypnea

not asthma, COPD, GERD, pneumonia

Question 11

causes of acute bronchitis

Answer 11

90% viral (flu, corona, rhino, RSV)

remainder could be pertussis, myoplasma, chlamydophila, strep pneumo, H flu