Nasal Flashcards
What two ways can the respiratory system be classified?
Structurally and functionally
Structurally what is in the upper resp system?
Nose, nasal cavity, pharynx and associated structures.
Structurally what is in the lower respiratory system?
Larynx, trachea bronchi and lungs.
How would you classify the respiratory system functionally?
The conducting zone and respiratory zone
What is in the conducting zone and its function?
Nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and terminal bronchioles. Their function is to warm, moisture and filter air and conduct it into the lungs.
What is in the respiratory zone and its function?
Respiratory bronchioles, the alveolar ducts, the alveolar sacs and the alveoli. This is where gas exchange occurs between the lung and blood.
What is the branch of medicine that treats ENT?
Oto (ear)Rhino(nose) laryngo(voice box) ology
What two portions is the nose divided in?
External and internal
Describe the external nose
Portion of nose that is visible on the face. Consists of a supporting framework of bone and hyaline cartilage, covered in muscle and skin and lined by a mucous membrane.
What makes up the bony framework of the external nose?
Frontal bone, nasal bone, and maxillae.
What makes up the cartilaginous framework of the external nose?
Septal nasal cartilage forms the anterior portion of the nasal septum (bit that separates two nostrils)
Lateral nasal cartilage (inferior to nasal bones)
Alar cartilage (forms portion of the nostril wall)
What are the two nasal openings called?
External names or nostrils.
What are the functions of the interior structures of the external nose?
1) warming, moistening and filtering incoming air.
2) detecting olfactory stimuli
3) modifying speech vibrations as they pass through the large, hollow resonating chambers
What is the nasal cavity and where is it?
Large space in the anterior aspect of the skull.
Lies inferior to nasal bone.
Superior to oral cavity.
It is lined with muscle and mucous membrane.
How does the nasal cavity communicate with the pharynx?
Through two openings called the internal nares or choanae (two posterior choanae)
What are the two ducts that open into the nasal cavity?
Paranasal sinuses (which drain mucus) and nasolacrimal sinuses (which drains tears)
What are Paranasal sinuses
Cavities lined with mucous membranes that are continuous with the lining of the nasal cavity.
What bones have Paranasal sinuses?
Frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid and maxillae.
What is the function of Paranasal sinuses?
Produce mucus and serve as a resonating chamber for sound as we speak or sing.
What bones form the internal nose?
Lateral walls are formed by ethmoid, maxillae, lacrimal, palatine and inferior nasal conchae bones.
The ethmoid bone also forms the roof.
The palatine bones and palatine processes of the maxillae (hard palate) form the floor.
What is the nasal vestibule?
Most anterior part of the nasal cavity
What is the nasal cavity divided into?
A smaller superior olfactory region.
A larger inferior respiratory region.
What is the respiratory epithelium?
Pseudostratified(closely packed) ciliated columnar epithelium with numerous goblet cells.
Which bit the nasal cavity is surrounded by cartilage and bone?
Nasal vestibule is surrounded by cartilage. Superior part of nasal cavity is surrounded by bone.
What makes up the nasal septum?
Anterior portion consists of hyaline cartilage.
Remainder is formed by the vomer and perpendicular plates of the ethmoid, maxillae and palatine bones.
What are the three nasal conchae?
Superior, middle and inferior nasal conchae extend out of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity.
What are three passageways of the nasal cavity?
Superior, middle and inferior meatus.
What does the arrangement of conchae and meatuses allow?
Increase the surface area of the internal nose. Prevent dehydration by trapping water droplets during exhalation.
Warms inhaled air by blood.
What is the function of the mucous membrane that lines the nasal cavity?
Mucus secreted by the goblet cells moistening the air and traps dust particles, and cilia move this toward the pharynx.
Where is the olfactory epithelium?
Near the superior nasal conchae and adjacent septum.
What cells make up the olfactory epithelium?
Olfactory receptors, basal cells and supporting cells. It contains cilia but no goblet cells.
What are the Paranasal sinuses?
Group of 4 paired sinuses that surround the nasal cavity. Maxillary sinus (located below eyes) Frontal sinus (above the eyes) Ethmoidal sinus (between eyes) Sphenoidal sinus (behind eyes)
What is the function of the nasal vestibule?
It has vibrissae (hairs) to filter coarse particles from inspired air.
What are the lateral walls of the nasal cavity like?
Have 3 curved shelves of bone called conchae or turbinate.
Divides the nasal cavity into 4 air channels.
What is the spheno-ethmoidal recess?
Small region above the superior conchae.
What are the functions of the nasal cavities?
Lightening the skull.
Resonance.
Absorption of shock
Where does the ethmoidal parasinus drain to?
Opening of posterior ethmoidal cells into lateral wall of superior meatus.
Opening of middle ethmoidal cells onto bulla ethmoidalis.
Opening of anterior ethmoidal cells - infundibulum
Where does the sphenoidal parasinus drain to?
Opening of sphenoidal sinus into spheno-ethmoidal recess
Where does the maxillary parasinus drain to?
Opening of maxillary sinus into hiatus semilunaris
Where does the frontal sinus drain to?
Opening of frontal sinus infundibulum
What nerve innervates the nasal sinus?
The nerve’s olfactory receptors are located within the mucosa of the nasal cavity. Unlike many other nerves, CN1 does not possess two trunks. Rather, its sensory fibers extend through the ethmoid bone’s cribriform plate, a part of the skull located behind the nose.
What is the blood supply to the nose?
Sphenopalatine and Greater palatine arteries, branches of the maxillary artery. Anterior ethmoidal artery and posterior ethmoidal artery, branches of the ophthalmic artery. Septal Branches of the superior labial artery, a branch of the facial artery, which supplies the vestibule of the nasal cavity.
What is the kiesselbach’s Area?
Area where arteries anastomose on septum. Common site of epitaxis
