Napoleon Flashcards
When was Napoleon’s coronation?
2 December 1804
What positions did Napoleon hold?
Commander of the army of the interior and commander of the army of Italy
When was the battle of Lodi?
10 May 1796- victory over Northern Italy
What was the siege of Mantua?
French vs Austria
How long was the siege of Mantua?
8 months
When was the Treaty of Camp Formio signed?
October 17 1797
What year did Napoleon start the Egyptian campaign?
1798
What was the main victory of the Egyptian campaign?
Battle of the pyramids
What was the main loss of the Egyptian campaign?
Battle of the Nile
When was the coup of Brumaire?
10 November 1799
Who was involved in the coup of Brumaire?
Sieyes and Talleyrand
What year was the Constitution of year VIII?
1799
Who were the three Consuls?
Sieyes, Roger- Ducos and Bonaparte
Who was the leader of Napoleon’s police force?
Joseph Fouche
When was the civil code published?
21 March 1804
What’s the word for inheritance of a state?
Partage
How many political journals were left after Napoleon’s suppression?
4 in 1811
What were Napoleon’s new schools called?
Lycées
When was the Concordat signed?
15 July 1801
When was the battle of morengo?
14 June 1800
When was the battle of ulm?
October 1805
When was the battle of trafalgar?
21 October 1805
When was the battle of austerlitz?
December 1805
Who was the battle of trafalgar against?
British: Horatio Nelson
Who was the battle of austerlitz against?
Tsar Alexander I
When was the war of the fourth coalition?
1806-7
Why was it called the ‘spanish ulcer’?
Guerrilla warfare for 6 years fatally drained Napoleon’s resources
When was the Treaty of Tilsit?
1807- although Russia rejected the continental blockade 1810
What was Russia’s tactic against Napoleon called?
Scorched earth
When was the battle in Moscow?
7 September 1812
When was Leipzig? And what’s it more commonly called?
1813: battle of nations
When was the Treaty of chaumont?
March 1814
Who was involved in the Treaty of chaumont and what was it?
Britain, Russia, Prussia and Austria- all would fight on until Napoleon was defeated
What was the Treaty establishing Napoleon’s future called?
Treaty of Fontainbleau
When was the battle of Waterloo?
18 June 1815
Why did the allies win the battle of Waterloo?
Arrival of prussians
When was the second Treaty of Paris?
November 1815
How many people died because of Napoleon’s wars?
7% of population
Corrupt plebiscite
Napoleon as Emperor of the French- didn’t poll the soldiers but added in approx. half a million ‘yes’ votes on their behalf
Financial reforms
clearer division or roles between the ministry of finance and the treasury, reorganisation of both the direct and indirect taxation system, steps towards a public banking system (the Bank of France 1800), new currency the franc de germinal- soundest currency in Europe
Napoleon securing loyalty
Legion of Honour 1802, 1804-1808 new titles made for officials of the new imperial court (some came with large estates), 1808 imperial nobility with titles of ‘prince’ etc., grants of large country estates and money to members of the Senate called senatories
Arbitrary imprisonment
1810- a lot like the old lettres de cachet
Revolutionary policies of the Civil Code
partage confirmed, abolition of feudalism, subordination of the Church to the state
Conditions of the Concordat
end of the separation of Church and state, the Catholic church recognised the Revolution and wouldn’t try to take back church lands, state-controlled church and its clergy became civil servants, freedom of religion
Military and strategic developments
leadership qualities, special bond with the army through daily bulletins, ‘revolutionary’ army, the Grande Armee, new tactics like living off the land, war as self-financing
Main events in Napoleon’s downfall
The Peninsular War (1808-14) and the invasion of Russia (1812)
Causes of the Peninsular War
to secure the continental system (preventing British exports entering Europe)
How many French troops were in Spain
1811- 353,000
Mistakes made by Napoleon in the Russian invasion
Stayed in Moscow for over a month, meant they had to retreat in the winter, his army only had enough food and clothes for 3 weeks (Napoleon had planned 9 weeks), wanted to face the Russians in a battle, but they knew this and kept retreating- drawing Napoleon further into Russia
Impact of the failure of the Russian invasion
encouraged Napoleon’s enemies to construct a new anti-French coalition in 1813. Napoleon was unable to prevent his enemies from entering Paris 1814, causing his abdication.
Other options for the Coup of Brumaire
General Lazare Hoche, Joubert, General Bernadotte, General Moreau
Failure in Russia
of the 600,000 men assembled in the Great Army, only 30,000 survive the retreat
Reasons for victory at Marengo
Austrian general Melas, confident of a victory, left the battlefield. French only saved because of reinforcements sent by Desaix. However, Napoleon was over-confident, spread his forces too thinly and under-estimated the elderly but competent Melas= LUCKY VICTORY
Results of the Battle of Marengo
routed the Austrians
Results of Trafalgar
prevented French invasion of England, renewed European confidence in Britain and led to securing the 3rd coalition
Reasons for victory at Ulm
Napoleon circled the Austrians to prevent link up with Russia. Re-directed Mack’s attention by creating a diversion. Mack generally confused and surrendered
Reasons for victory at Austerlitz
Austrians and Russians underestimated Napoleon. Napoleon charged the Pratzen heights
Failure of the 100 days
couldn’t gain support. Waterloo- Wellington’s forces outnumbered Napoleon’s 2:1
Troop mobility
required to move 20-25km a day
Victory at Austerlitz
Allied forces lost 38% of men, French forces only 13
Reinforcements at Austerlitz
Marshal Devout marched men 68 miles in 48 hours
