Government by Terror 1793-4 Flashcards
Why were the girondins unpopular among the people?
Against max grain prices
When was the CPS established?
April 1793
What measures were put in place by the convention to monitor suspects?
Revolutionary tribunal, representatives- on- mission, watch committees, CPS, summary of the execution decree (trial and execution of armed rebels within 24 hours of capture)
What did Robespierre tell people to do about the Girondins?
‘The people to place themselves against the corrupt deputies’
When were the Girondins expelled?
2 June 1793- 80,000 national guradsmen surrounded the Convention and demanded the Girondins be expelled and a maximum price
Who demanded that the Convention sorted out poverty?
Jacques Roux
What journee was Roux particularly influential in?
5 September 1793
When was the storming of the Hotel de Ville?
4 September 1793
Why were the armee revolutionnaire formed?
Direct result of storming of the Hotel de Ville: purpose to confront counter- revolutionaries
What were the main aims of the armee revolutionnaire?
1) ensure food supplies reached Paris
2) round up potential counter- revolutionaries
3) mobilise war efforts
4) establish revolutionary ‘justice’ in the south and west which showed little enthusiasm for the revolution
When was the general maximum established?
September 1793
Why was the general maximum resented?
Peasants hated it because it was below production cost
Why was the general maximum supported?
Sans culottes wanted it so they were able to buy bread
When was the law of suspects passed?
17 September 1793
How many were executed during the terror?
16,000
When was the law of prairial passed?
10 June 1794
What did the law of prairial do?
Judgement decided by ‘conscience of jurors’ not based on any evidence
When was the great terror?
10 June- 27 July 1794
When was Herbert executed?
24 March 1794
When were Danton and desmoulins executed?
5 April 1794
Influential leader of the Plain
Barere- proponent of the Terror
When was the revolutionary tribunal set up?
March 1793
When was the decree of the levee on mass
23 August 1793
when was Robespierre executed?
28 July 1794
When was the Coup of Thermidor?
27-8 July 1794
What did Danton say about the revolutionary tribunal?
“Let us embody the Terror”
Reactions to the purge of the Girondins
Rebellions in Marseille, Lyon, Bordeaux, Toulon (negotiated with the British)
Significance of the sans-culottes
responsible for the journee of 31 May-2 June that brought the Jacobins to power
Provincial repression
Repression of the areas of federalist revolt: Marseille, Lyon, Toulon and the Vendee. Extremely ruthless e.g. drowning at Nantes of 1800 people
Religious terror
Churches closed, church bells and silver removed, Commune stopped paying clerical salaries and ordered all churches to be shut down. Priests forced to renounce priesthoods and forced to marry.
Reasons for Robespierre’s unpopularity among the Catholics
Cult of the Supreme Being May 1794
Reasons for Robespierre’s unpopularity among the sans-culottes
the execution of the Herbertistes, the dissolution of popular societies, the ends of direct democracy in the Sections, the raising of the Maximum on prices in March (inflation), the imposing of the Maximum on wages.
Robespierre’s speech
26 July 1794- attacking (unnamed) colleagues
Robespierre quote
‘virtue, without which terror is baneful; terror, without which virtue is powerless.’
Barere quote
‘make terror the order of the day’ on 5 September 1793
Victory in 1794
Battle of Fleurus June 1794- allies lost the Austrian Netherlands
